窗口在前面已经注册,并且已经创建出来了,但这时这个窗口并不能出现在我们的眼前,又是什么原因呢?哦,还不显示出来,原来是有原因的,就是窗口有多种状态,窗口可以隐藏、普通显示、最大化显示、最小化显示等。并且创建出来时,不立即显示,也是可以方便一性地创建很多很多窗口,最后才一次性地显示出来;另外创建窗口之后在系统看来窗口已经是可用的,这时可以先在窗口上绘图,当完成时再一次性显示出来,也避免窗口不断地刷新时窗口在闪动,看起来让人眼花缭乱。因而在这里就封装一个窗口显示类Window,这个类非常简单,它的代码如下:
#开发人员:蔡军生(QQ:9073204) 深圳 2014-8-24
#窗口类
class Window:
def __init__(self, hWnd):
self.hWnd = hWnd
def Display(self, cmdShow):
windll.user32.ShowWindow(self.hWnd, cmdShow)
windll.user32.UpdateWindow(self.hWnd)
在这个类里主要提供构造函数__init__和显示函数Display。在构造函数里主要是创建保存窗口句柄的成员变量self.hWnd,用来保存对应的窗口与本类的关系。显示函数Display主要是调用系统的API函数ShowWindow把窗口显示出来,调用系统的API函数UpdateWindow把窗口的客户区进行更新。
到这里已经把界面操作功能封装成三个类:WinClassMaker、WinMaker和Window。这三个类的功能是各司其职,WinClassMaker是负责把窗口样式注册,定制不同的窗口类型;WinMaker是负责样式定下来的窗口创建一个实体对象出来,站在开发人员的角度就是分配内存给一个对象;Window是负责把窗口显示、隐藏或者相应的移动等操作。由于这三部分是所有窗口类的基本功能,以后再需要创建新的窗口,都可以继承这三个类来进行复用代码。
把这三个类放在一起,就把前面的例子代码再重写一遍,就变成了下面这个样子:
#windows应用程序
#使用类来描述
from ctypes import *
from ctypes.wintypes import *
WS_EX_APPWINDOW = 0x40000
WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW = 0xcf0000
WS_CAPTION = 0xc00000
SW_SHOWNORMAL = 1
SW_SHOW = 5
CS_HREDRAW = 2
CS_VREDRAW = 1
CW_USEDEFAULT = 0x80000000
WM_DESTROY = 2
WHITE_BRUSH = 0
WNDPROCTYPE = WINFUNCTYPE(c_int, HWND, c_uint, WPARAM, LPARAM)
#定义窗口类结构
class WNDCLASSEX(Structure):
_fields_ = [("cbSize", c_uint),
("style", c_uint),
("lpfnWndProc", WNDPROCTYPE),
("cbClsExtra", c_int),
("cbWndExtra", c_int),
("hInstance", HANDLE),
("hIcon", HANDLE),
("hCursor", HANDLE),
("hBrush", HANDLE),
("lpszMenuName", LPCWSTR),
("lpszClassName", LPCWSTR),
("hIconSm", HANDLE)]
#开发人员:蔡军生(QQ:9073204) 深圳 2014-8-24
#窗口类
class Window:
def __init__(self, hWnd):
self.hWnd = hWnd
def Display(self, cmdShow):
windll.user32.ShowWindow(self.hWnd, cmdShow)
windll.user32.UpdateWindow(self.hWnd)
#窗口类型注册类
class WinClassMaker:
def __init__(self, wndProc, className, hInst):
self.wndClass = WNDCLASSEX()
self.wndClass.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX)
self.wndClass.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW
self.wndClass.lpfnWndProc = wndProc
self.wndClass.cbClsExtra = 0
self.wndClass.cbWndExtra = 0
self.wndClass.hInstance = hInst
self.wndClass.hIcon = 0
self.wndClass.hCursor = 0
self.wndClass.hBrush = windll.gdi32.GetStockObject(WHITE_BRUSH)
self.wndClass.lpszMenuName = 0
self.wndClass.lpszClassName = className
self.wndClass.hIconSm = 0
def Register(self):
return windll.user32.RegisterClassExW(byref(self.wndClass))
#创建窗口
class WinMaker:
def __init__(self, className, hInst):
self.className = className
self.hInst = hInst
self.style = WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW | WS_CAPTION
self.exStyle = 0
self.x = CW_USEDEFAULT
self.y = 0
self.width = CW_USEDEFAULT
self.height = 0
self.hWndParent = HWND(0)
self.hMenu = HWND(0)
self.wndCreatData = c_void_p(0)
def Create(self, title):
self.hWnd = windll.user32.CreateWindowExW(
self.exStyle, self.className, title,
self.style,
self.x, self.y,
self.width, self.height,
self.hWndParent,
self.hMenu,
self.hInst,
self.wndCreatData)
if not self.hWnd:
print('Failed to create window')
exit(0)
return self.hWnd
#窗口消息处理回调函数
def PyWndProc(hWnd, Msg, wParam, lParam):
if Msg == WM_DESTROY:
windll.user32.PostQuitMessage(0)
else:
return windll.user32.DefWindowProcW(hWnd, Msg, wParam, lParam)
return 0
#主函数入口
def main():
hInst = windll.kernel32.GetModuleHandleW(None)
WndProc = WNDPROCTYPE(PyWndProc)
className = u'ShenzhenCai'
wname = u'Hello World'
winClass = WinClassMaker(WndProc, className, hInst)
winClass.Register()
maker = WinMaker(className, hInst)
win = Window(maker.Create(wname))
win.Display(SW_SHOW)
msg = MSG()
lpmsg = pointer(msg)
print('Entering message loop')
while windll.user32.GetMessageW(lpmsg, 0, 0, 0) != 0:
windll.user32.TranslateMessage(lpmsg)
windll.user32.DispatchMessageW(lpmsg)
print('done.')
if __name__ == "__main__":
print( "Win32 Application in python" )
main()