web.py 十分钟创建简易博客

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本文介绍了如何使用web.py这个轻量级的Python Web框架，一步步构建一个简易的博客系统。从web.py的简介、安装，到数据库设计、URL映射、模板渲染，再到登录、删除、新建和编辑文章功能的实现，最后展示了模板文件的内容。通过运行最后的代码，一个简单的博客即可在本地运行起来。

一、web.py简介

web.py是一款轻量级的python web开发框架，简单、高效、学习成本低，特别适合作为python web开发的入门框架。官方站点：http://webpy.org/

二、web.py安装

1、下载：http://webpy.org/static/web.py-0.33.tar.gz

2、解压并进入web.py-0.33目录，安装：python setup.py install

三、创建简易博客

1、目录说明：主目录blog/，模板目录blog/templates

2、在数据库“test”中创建表“entries”

CREATE TABLE entries ( id INT AUTO_INCREMENT, title TEXT, content TEXT, posted_on DATETIME, primary key (id) );

3、在主目录创建blog.py，blog/blog.py

#载入框架 import web #载入数据库操作model（稍后创建） import model #URL映射 urls = ( '/', 'Index', '/view/(/d+)', 'View', '/new', 'New', '/delete/(/d+)', 'Delete', '/edit/(/d+)', 'Edit', '/login', 'Login', '/logout', 'Logout', ) app = web.application(urls, globals()) #模板公共变量 t_globals = { 'datestr': web.datestr, 'cookie': web.cookies, } #指定模板目录，并设定公共模板 render = web.template.render('templates', base='base', globals=t_globals) #创建登录表单 login = web.form.Form( web.form.Textbox('username'), web.form.Password('password'), web.form.Button('login') ) #首页类 class Index: def GET(self): login_form = login() posts = model.get_posts() return render.index(posts, login_form) def POST(self): login_form = login() if login_form.validates(): if login_form.d.username == 'admin' / and login_form.d.password == 'admin': web.setcookie('username', login_form.d.username) raise web.seeother('/') #查看文章类 class View: def GET(self, id): post = model.get_post(int(id)) return render.view(post) #新建文章类 class New: form = web.form.Form( web.form.Textbox('title', web.form.notnull, size=30, description='Post title: '), web.form.Textarea('content', web.form.notnull, rows=30, cols=80, description='Post content: '), web.form.Button('Post entry'), ) def GET(self): form = self.form() return render.new(form) def POST(self): form = self.form() if not form.validates(): return render.new(form) model.new_post(form.d.title, form.d.content) raise web.seeother('/') #删除文章类 class Delete: def POST(self, id): model.del_post(int(id)) raise web.seeother('/') #编辑文章类 class Edit: def GET(self, id): post = model.get_post(int(id)) form = New.form() form.fill(post) return render.edit(post, form) def POST(self, id): form = New.form() post = model.get_post(int(id)) if not form.validates(): return render.edit(post, form) model.update_post(int(id), form.d.title, form.d.content) raise web.seeother('/') #退出登录 class Logout: def GET(self): web.setcookie('username', '', expires=-1) raise web.seeother('/') #定义404错误显示内容 def notfound(): return web.notfound("Sorry, the page you were looking for was not found.") app.notfound = notfound #运行 if __name__ == '__main__': app.run()

4、在主目录创建model.py，blog/model.py

import web import datetime #数据库连接 db = web.database(dbn = 'mysql', db = 'test', user = 'root', pw = '123456') #获取所有文章 def get_posts(): return db.select('entries', order = 'id DESC') #获取文章内容 def get_post(id): try: return db.select('entries', where = 'id=$id', vars = locals())[0] except IndexError: return None #新建文章 def new_post(title, text): db.insert('entries', title = title, content = text, posted_on = datetime.datetime.utcnow()) #删除文章 def del_post(id): db.delete('entries', where = 'id = $id', vars = locals()) #修改文章 def update_post(id, title, text): db.update('entries', where = 'id = $id', vars = locals(), title = title, content = text)

5、在模板目录依次创建：base.html、edit.html、index.html、new.html、view.html

$def with (page) <html> <head> <title>My Blog</title> <mce:style></mce:style><style mce_bogus="1"> #menu { width: 200px; float: right; } </style> </head> <body> <ul id="menu"> <li><a href="/" mce_href="">Home</a></li> $if cookie().get('username'): <li><a href="/new" mce_href="new">New Post</a></li> </ul> $:page </body> </html>  $def with (post, form) <h1>Edit $form.d.title</h1> <form action="" method="post"> $:form.render() </form> <h2>Delete post</h2> <form action="/delete/$post.id" method="post"> <input type="submit" value="Delete post" /> </form>  $def with (posts, login_form) <h1>Blog posts</h1> $if not cookie().get('username'): <form action="" method="post"> $:login_form.render() </form> $else: Welcome $cookie().get('username')!<a href="/logout" mce_href="logout">Logout</a> <ul> $for post in posts: <li> <a href="/view/$post.id" mce_href="view/$post.id">$post.title</a> on $post.posted_on $if cookie().get('username'): <a href="/edit/$post.id" mce_href="edit/$post.id">Edit</a> <a href="/delete/$post.id" mce_href="delete/$post.id">Del</a> </li> </ul>  $def with (form) <h1>New Blog Post</h1> <form action="" method="post"> $:form.render() </form>  $def with (post) <h1>$post.title</h1> $post.posted_on<br /> $post.content

6、进入主目录在命令行下运行：python blog.py，将启动web服务，在浏览器输入：http://localhost:8080/，简易博客即已完成。