原型模式

1.    定义

        用原型实例指定创建对象的种类，并且通过拷贝这些原型创建新的对象。

2.      UML 类图

 

3.      结构代码

// Prototype pattern -- Structural example

using System;   namespace DoFactory.GangOfFour.Prototype.Structural {   /// <summary>   /// MainApp startup class for Structural   /// Prototype Design Pattern.   /// </summary>   class MainApp   {     /// <summary>     /// Entry point into console application.     /// </summary>     static void Main()     {       // Create two instances and clone each         ConcretePrototype1 p1 = new ConcretePrototype1("I");       ConcretePrototype1 c1 = (ConcretePrototype1)p1.Clone();       Console.WriteLine("Cloned: {0}", c1.Id);         ConcretePrototype2 p2 = new ConcretePrototype2("II");       ConcretePrototype2 c2 = (ConcretePrototype2)p2.Clone();       Console.WriteLine("Cloned: {0}", c2.Id);         // Wait for user       Console.ReadKey();     }   }     /// <summary>   /// The 'Prototype' abstract class   /// </summary>   abstract class Prototype   {     private string _id;       // Constructor     public Prototype(string id)     {       this._id = id;     }       // Gets id     public string Id     {       get { return _id; }     }       public abstract Prototype Clone();   }     /// <summary>   /// A 'ConcretePrototype' class   /// </summary>   class ConcretePrototype1 : Prototype   {     // Constructor     public ConcretePrototype1(string id)       : base(id)     {     }       // Returns a shallow copy     public override Prototype Clone()     {       return (Prototype)this.MemberwiseClone();     }   }     /// <summary>   /// A 'ConcretePrototype' class   /// </summary>   class ConcretePrototype2 : Prototype   {     // Constructor     public ConcretePrototype2(string id)       : base(id)     {     }       // Returns a shallow copy     public override Prototype Clone()     {       return (Prototype)this.MemberwiseClone();     }   } }

Output Cloned: I Cloned: II

4.      实例代码

// Prototype pattern -- Real World example

using System; using System.Collections.Generic;   namespace DoFactory.GangOfFour.Prototype.RealWorld {   /// <summary>   /// MainApp startup class for Real-World   /// Prototype Design Pattern.   /// </summary>   class MainApp   {     /// <summary>     /// Entry point into console application.     /// </summary>     static void Main()     {       ColorManager colormanager = new ColorManager();         // Initialize with standard colors       colormanager["red"] = new Color(255, 0, 0);       colormanager["green"] = new Color(0, 255, 0);       colormanager["blue"] = new Color(0, 0, 255);         // User adds personalized colors       colormanager["angry"] = new Color(255, 54, 0);       colormanager["peace"] = new Color(128, 211, 128);       colormanager["flame"] = new Color(211, 34, 20);         // User clones selected colors       Color color1 = colormanager["red"].Clone() as Color;       Color color2 = colormanager["peace"].Clone() as Color;       Color color3 = colormanager["flame"].Clone() as Color;         // Wait for user       Console.ReadKey();     }   }     /// <summary>   /// The 'Prototype' abstract class   /// </summary>   abstract class ColorPrototype   {     public abstract ColorPrototype Clone();   }     /// <summary>   /// The 'ConcretePrototype' class   /// </summary>   class Color : ColorPrototype   {     private int _red;     private int _green;     private int _blue;       // Constructor     public Color(int red, int green, int blue)     {       this._red = red;       this._green = green;       this._blue = blue;     }       // Create a shallow copy     public override ColorPrototype Clone()     {       Console.WriteLine(         "Cloning color RGB: {0,3},{1,3},{2,3}",         _red, _green, _blue);         return this.MemberwiseClone() as ColorPrototype;     }   }     /// <summary>   /// Prototype manager   /// </summary>   class ColorManager   {     private Dictionary<string, ColorPrototype> _colors =       new Dictionary<string, ColorPrototype>();       // Indexer     public ColorPrototype this[string key]     {       get { return _colors[key]; }       set { _colors.Add(key, value); }     }   } }

Output Cloning color RGB: 255,  0,  0 Cloning color RGB: 128,211,128 Cloning color RGB: 211, 34, 20

该文章来自：http://www.dofactory.com/Patterns/PatternPrototype.aspx