java.lang.Thread API文档中西文梗概对照

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线程 是程序中的执行线程。Java 虚拟机允许应用程序并发地运行多个执行线程。 A thread is a thread of execution in a program. The Java Virtual Machine allows an application to have multiple threads of execution running concurrently.

每个线程都有一个优先级，高优先级线程的执行优先于低优先级线程。每个线程都可以或不可以标记为一个守护程序。当某个线程中运行的代码创建一个新 Thread 对象时，该新线程的初始优先级被设定为创建线程的优先级，并且当且仅当创建线程是守护线程时，新线程才是守护程序。Every thread has a priority. Threads with higher priority are executed in preference to threads with lower priority. Each thread may or may not also be marked as a daemon. When code running in some thread creates a new Thread object, the new thread has its priority initially set equal to the priority of the creating thread, and is a daemon thread if and only if the creating thread is a daemon.

当 Java 虚拟机启动时，通常都会有单个非守护线程（它通常会调用某个指定类的 main 方法）。Java 虚拟机会继续执行线程，直到下列任一情况出现时为止：When a Java Virtual Machine starts up, there is usually a single non-daemon thread (which typically calls the method named main of some designated class). The Java Virtual Machine continues to execute threads until either of the following occurs:

• 调用了 Runtime 类的 exit 方法，并且安全管理器允许退出操作发生。The exit method of class Runtime has been called and the security manager has permitted the exit operation to take place.
• 非守护线程的所有线程都已停止运行，无论是通过从对 run 方法的调用中返回，还是通过抛出一个传播到 run 方法之外的异常。All threads that are not daemon threads have died, either by returning from the call to the run method or by throwing an exception that propagates beyond the run method.

创建新执行线程有两种方法。一种方法是将类声明为 Thread 的子类。该子类应重写 Thread 类的 run 方法。接下来可以分配并启动该子类的实例。例如，计算大于某一规定值的质数的线程可以写成：There are two ways to create a new thread of execution. One is to declare a class to be a subclass of Thread. This subclass should override the run method of class Thread. An instance of the subclass can then be allocated and started. For example, a thread that computes primes larger than a stated value could be written as follows:

---

     class PrimeThread extends Thread {
         long minPrime;
         PrimeThread(long minPrime) {
             this.minPrime = minPrime;
         }
 
         public void run() {
             // compute primes larger than minPrime
              . . .
         }
     }

---

然后，下列代码会创建并启动一个线程：The following code would then create a thread and start it running:

     PrimeThread p = new PrimeThread(143);
     p.start();

创建线程的另一种方法是声明实现 Runnable 接口的类。该类然后实现 run 方法。然后可以分配该类的实例，在创建 Thread 时作为一个参数来传递并启动。采用这种风格的同一个例子如下所示：The other way to create a thread is to declare a class that implements the Runnable interface. That class then implements the run method. An instance of the class can then be allocated, passed as an argument when creating Thread, and started. The same example in this other style looks like the following:

---

     class PrimeRun implements Runnable {
         long minPrime;
         PrimeRun(long minPrime) {
             this.minPrime = minPrime;
         }
 
         public void run() {
             // compute primes larger than minPrime
              . . .
         }
     }

---

然后，下列代码会创建并启动一个线程：The following code would then create a thread and start it running:

     PrimeRun p = new PrimeRun(143);
     new Thread(p).start()

每个线程都有一个标识名，多个线程可以同名。如果线程创建时没有指定标识名，就会为其生成一个新名称。Every thread has a name for identification purposes. More than one thread may have the same name. If a name is not specified when a thread is created, a new name is generated for it.