ACPI Hardware Specification

本文详细介绍了ACPI标准定义的硬件编程模型及其行为,包括硬件分类(Fixed和Generic)、硬件特征分类(FixedHardwareFeature和GenericHardwareFeature),以及硬件实现时可用的八种地址空间。同时阐述了ACPI注册模型中的固定硬件注册与可添加硬件注册的区别。
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ACPI 定义了ACPI-Compatible OS控制和管理ACPI-Compatible Hardware平台的标准接口机制。 在这里,ACPI定义“Hardware”为一个programming model及其behavior。

ACPI Hardware分类

Fixed和Generic。Fixed类的Hardware符合ACPI Spec定义的Programming和Behavior;而Generic类的Hareware在实现上则更具灵活性。

ACPI Hardware Feature分类

Fixed Hardware Feature有如下规定:

1. 性能相关的feature

2. 唤醒过程中driver需要的feature

3. 允许从灾难性的OS软件失败恢复所需要的feature

Generic Hardware Feature是由ACPI Namespace中的ACPI Control method所控制的,比较灵活。

ACPI定义了实现Generic Hardware时可以使用的八种Address space:

1. System I/O

2. System Memory

3. PCI Configuration Space

4. Embedded Controller

5. SMBus

6. CMOS

7. PCI  Bar Target

8. IPMI(Intelligent Platform Management Interface)

ACPI Register Model

Fixed Hardware Register, 是实现ACPI-defined interface所必须的。在FADT中由OEM定义,是固定的,不能再改变。

                   

Generic Hardware Register,是Value-added Hardware 产生的events所必须的。

The Advanced Configuration and Power Interface (ACPI) specification was developed to establish industry common interfaces enabling robust operating system (OS)-directed motherboard device configuration and power management of both devices and entire systems. ACPI is the key element in Operating Systemdirected configuration and Power Management (OSPM). ACPI evolved the existing pre-ACPI collection of power management BIOS code, Advanced Power Management (APM) application programming interfaces (APIs, PNPBIOS APIs, Multiprocessor Specification (MPS) tables and so on into a well-defined power management and configuration interface specification. ACPI provides the means for an orderly transition from existing (legacy) hardware to ACPI hardware, and it allows for both ACPI and legacy mechanisms to exist in a single machine and to be used as needed. Further, system architectures being built at the time of the original ACPI specification’s inception, stretched the limits of historical “Plug and Play” interfaces. ACPI evolved existing motherboard configuration interfaces to support advanced architectures in a more robust, and potentially more efficient manner. The interfaces and OSPM concepts defined within this specification are suitable to all classes of computers including (but not limited to) desktop, mobile, workstation, and server machines. From a power management perspective, OSPM/ACPI promotes the concept that systems should conserve energy by transitioning unused devices into lower power states including placing the entire system in a low-power state (sleeping state) when possible. This document describes ACPI hardware interfaces, ACPI software interfaces and ACPI data structures that, when implemented, enable support for robust OS-directed configuration and power management (OSPM).
ACPI(Advanced Configuration Management)是1997年由INTEL/MICROSOFT/TOSHIBA提出的新型电源管理规范,意图是让系统而不是BIOS来全面控制电源管理,使系统更加省电。 其特点主要有:提供立刻开机功能,即开机后可立即恢复到上次关机时的状态,光驱、软驱和硬盘在未使用时会自动关掉电源,使用时再打开;支持在开电状态下既插即拔,随时更换功能。 ACPI主要支持三种节电方式,1、(suspend即挂起)显示屏自动断电;只是主机通电。这时敲任意键即可恢复原来状态。2、(save to ram 或suspend to ram 即挂起到内存)系统把当前信息储存在内存中,只有内存等几个关键部件通电,这时计算机处在高度节电状态,按任意键后,计算机从内存中读取信息很快恢复到原来状态。3、(save to disk或suspend to disk即挂起到硬盘)计算机自动关机,关机前将当前数据存储在硬盘上,用户下次按开关键开机时计算机将无须启动系统,直接从硬盘读取数据,恢复原来状态。   ACPI可实现以下功能:   1、用户可以使外设在指定时间开关;   2、使用笔记本电脑的用户可以指定计算机在低电压的情况下进入低功耗状态,以保证重要的应用程序运行;   3、操作系统可以在应用程序对时间要求不高的情况下降低时钟频率;   4、操作系统可以根据外设和主板的具体需求为它分配能源;   5、在无人使用计算机时可以使计算机进入休眠状态,但保证一些通信设备打开;   6、即插即用设备在插入时能够由ACPI来控制。
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