.NET高级工程师面试题之SQL篇

最新推荐文章于 2023-03-06 21:43:05 发布
最新推荐文章于 2023-03-06 21:43:05 发布
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分类专栏： SQL

1 题目


这确实是一个真实的面试题，琢磨一下吧！知识不用，就会丢掉，我太依赖各种框架和dll了，已经忘记了最基本的东西。有多久没有写过SQL了，我已经不记得了。


已知表信息如下：


Department(depID, depName),depID 系编号，DepName系名


Student(stuID, name, depID) 学生编号，姓名，系编号


Score(stuID, category, score) 学生编码，科目，成绩


找出每一个系的最高分，并且按系编号，学生编号升序排列，要求顺序输出以下信息：


系编号，系名，学生编号，姓名，总分


2 实验


USE [test]
GO
/****** Object: Table [dbo].[Score] Script Date : 05/11/2015 23:16:23 ******/
SET ANSI_NULLS ON
GO
SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON
GO
SET ANSI_PADDING ON
GO
CREATE TABLE [dbo].[Score](
[stuID] [ int ] NOT NULL ,
[category] [ varchar ](50) NOT NULL ,
[score] [ int ] NOT NULL
) ON [ PRIMARY ]
GO
SET ANSI_PADDING OFF
GO
INSERT [dbo].[Score] ([stuID], [category], [score]) VALUES (1, N '英语' , 80)
INSERT [dbo].[Score] ([stuID], [category], [score]) VALUES (2, N '数学' , 80)
INSERT [dbo].[Score] ([stuID], [category], [score]) VALUES (1, N '数学' , 70)
INSERT [dbo].[Score] ([stuID], [category], [score]) VALUES (2, N '英语' , 89)
INSERT [dbo].[Score] ([stuID], [category], [score]) VALUES (3, N '英语' , 81)
INSERT [dbo].[Score] ([stuID], [category], [score]) VALUES (3, N '数学' , 71)
INSERT [dbo].[Score] ([stuID], [category], [score]) VALUES (4, N '数学' , 91)
INSERT [dbo].[Score] ([stuID], [category], [score]) VALUES (4, N '英语' , 61)
INSERT [dbo].[Score] ([stuID], [category], [score]) VALUES (5, N '英语' , 91)
INSERT [dbo].[Score] ([stuID], [category], [score]) VALUES (6, N '英语' , 89)
INSERT [dbo].[Score] ([stuID], [category], [score]) VALUES (7, N '英语' , 77)
INSERT [dbo].[Score] ([stuID], [category], [score]) VALUES (8, N '英语' , 97)
INSERT [dbo].[Score] ([stuID], [category], [score]) VALUES (9, N '英语' , 57)
INSERT [dbo].[Score] ([stuID], [category], [score]) VALUES (5, N '数学' , 87)
INSERT [dbo].[Score] ([stuID], [category], [score]) VALUES (6, N '数学' , 89)
INSERT [dbo].[Score] ([stuID], [category], [score]) VALUES (7, N '数学' , 80)
INSERT [dbo].[Score] ([stuID], [category], [score]) VALUES (8, N '数学' , 81)
INSERT [dbo].[Score] ([stuID], [category], [score]) VALUES (9, N '数学' , 84)
/****** Object: Table [dbo].[Department] Script Date : 05/11/2015 23:16:23 ******/
SET ANSI_NULLS ON
GO
SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON
GO
SET ANSI_PADDING ON
GO
CREATE TABLE [dbo].[Department](
[depID] [ int ] IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL ,
[depName] [ varchar ](50) NOT NULL ,
PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED
(
[depID] ASC
) WITH (PAD_INDEX = OFF , STATISTICS_NORECOMPUTE = OFF , IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF , ALLOW_ROW_LOCKS = ON , ALLOW_PAGE_LOCKS = ON ) ON [ PRIMARY ]
) ON [ PRIMARY ]
GO
SET ANSI_PADDING OFF
GO
SET IDENTITY_INSERT [dbo].[Department] ON
INSERT [dbo].[Department] ([depID], [depName]) VALUES (1, N '计算机' )
INSERT [dbo].[Department] ([depID], [depName]) VALUES (2, N '生物' )
INSERT [dbo].[Department] ([depID], [depName]) VALUES (3, N '数学' )
SET IDENTITY_INSERT [dbo].[Department] OFF
/****** Object: Table [dbo].[Student] Script Date : 05/11/2015 23:16:23 ******/
SET ANSI_NULLS ON
GO
SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON
GO
SET ANSI_PADDING ON
GO
CREATE TABLE [dbo].[Student](
[stuID] [ int ] IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL ,
[stuName] [ varchar ](50) NOT NULL ,
[deptID] [ int ] NOT NULL ,
PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED
(
[stuID] ASC
) WITH (PAD_INDEX = OFF , STATISTICS_NORECOMPUTE = OFF , IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF , ALLOW_ROW_LOCKS = ON , ALLOW_PAGE_LOCKS = ON ) ON [ PRIMARY ]
) ON [ PRIMARY ]
GO
SET ANSI_PADDING OFF
GO
SET IDENTITY_INSERT [dbo].[Student] ON
INSERT [dbo].[Student] ([stuID], [stuName], [deptID]) VALUES (1, N '计算机张三' , 1)
INSERT [dbo].[Student] ([stuID], [stuName], [deptID]) VALUES (2, N '计算机李四' , 1)
INSERT [dbo].[Student] ([stuID], [stuName], [deptID]) VALUES (3, N '计算机王五' , 1)
INSERT [dbo].[Student] ([stuID], [stuName], [deptID]) VALUES (4, N '生物amy' , 2)
INSERT [dbo].[Student] ([stuID], [stuName], [deptID]) VALUES (5, N '生物kity' , 2)
INSERT [dbo].[Student] ([stuID], [stuName], [deptID]) VALUES (6, N '生物lucky' , 2)
INSERT [dbo].[Student] ([stuID], [stuName], [deptID]) VALUES (7, N '数学_yiming' , 3)
INSERT [dbo].[Student] ([stuID], [stuName], [deptID]) VALUES (8, N '数学_haoxue' , 3)
INSERT [dbo].[Student] ([stuID], [stuName], [deptID]) VALUES (9, N '数学_wuyong' , 3)
SET IDENTITY_INSERT [dbo].[Student] OFF
/****** Object: Default [DF__Departmen__depNa__5441852A] Script Date : 05/11/2015 23:16:23 ******/
ALTER TABLE [dbo].[Department] ADD DEFAULT ( '' ) FOR [depName]
GO
/****** Object: Default [DF__Score__category__5EBF139D] Script Date : 05/11/2015 23:16:23 ******/
ALTER TABLE [dbo].[Score] ADD DEFAULT ( '' ) FOR [category]
GO
/****** Object: Default [DF__Score__score__5FB337D6] Script Date : 05/11/2015 23:16:23 ******/
ALTER TABLE [dbo].[Score] ADD DEFAULT ((0)) FOR [score]
GO
/****** Object: Default [DF__Student__stuName__59063A47] Script Date : 05/11/2015 23:16:23 ******/
ALTER TABLE [dbo].[Student] ADD DEFAULT ( '' ) FOR [stuName]
GO
/****** Object: ForeignKey [FK__Student__deptID__59FA5E80] Script Date : 05/11/2015 23:16:23 ******/
ALTER TABLE [dbo].[Student] WITH CHECK ADD FOREIGN KEY ([deptID])
REFERENCES [dbo].[Department] ([depID])
GO


3 结果

　　

面试的时候，没有写出来，当时脑袋昏沉沉的。也确实好久没有写复杂的sql语句了。今天花了2到3个小时，终于试出来了。不知道有没有更好的写法？


-- 每个系里的最高分的学生信息
SELECT Department.depID, Department.depName, Student.stuID, stuName, Dscore.scores
FROM Department
LEFT JOIN Student
on department.depID = student.deptID
LEFT JOIN ( SELECT Score.stuId, SUM (Score) AS scores
FROM Score
GROUP by stuID
) AS Dscore
on Student.stuID = dScore.stuID
where exists (
select *
from
(
SELECT deptID, MAX (scores) AS topScores
FROM Student
LEFT JOIN
(
SELECT stuID, SUM (score) AS scores
FROM Score
GROUP BY stuID) AS newScore
ON Student.stuID = newScore.stuID
group by deptID) AS depScore
where Department.depID = depScore.deptID and Dscore.scores=depScore.topScores
)
order by Department.depID,Student.stuID;


4 补充


看了那么多的评论，自己写的真的不咋样，可惜今天没有时间细细看了，现在还在公司加班！但百度一下的时间还是有滴，So整理一下相关资料先。


（1）、SQL2005四个排名函数（row_number、rank、dense_rank和ntile）的比较

http://www.cnblogs.com/xhyang110/archive/2009/10/27/1590448.html


（2）、关于with as：使用WITH AS提高性能简化嵌套SQL

http://www.cnblogs.com/fygh/archive/2011/08/31/2160266.html


5 参考SQL

　　

正确的答案的结果是一样的，错误的各有各的不同，正确的答案后的性能也各有各的不同，不过呢，暂时没有水平去分析它，但是有空会把这些全部看一遍.谢谢各位啦！【2015-05-13 23:44】


1、pursuer.chen


SELECT B.depID,B.depName,B.stuID ,B.stuName, SUM (A.score ) AS SUM_SCORE FROM Score A
INNER JOIN
( SELECT SA.depID,SA.depName,S.stuID,S.stuName FROM Student S
INNER JOIN Score SE ON S.stuID=SE.stuID
INNER JOIN (
SELECT D.depID,D.depName , MAX (SC.score ) AS MX_score FROM Student S INNER JOIN Score SC ON S.stuID=SC.stuID INNER JOIN Department D ON S.deptID=D.depID
GROUP BY D.depID,D.depName ) SA ON SE.score=SA.MX_score AND S.deptID=SA.depID )
B ON A.stuID=B.stuID
GROUP BY B.depID,B.depName,B.stuID ,B.stuName
ORDER BY B.depID,B.stuID


结果正确


计算机 2 计算机李四 169
生物 4 生物amy 152
生物 5 生物kity 178
数学 8 数学_haoxue 178


2、Gamain 正确


WITH cte1 as
(
SELECT
DISTINCT
D.depID,
D.depName,
S.stuID,
S.stuName,
SUM (Sc.score) OVER (PARTITION BY D.depID,S.stuID) as sumScore
FROM Department D LEFT JOIN Student S ON D.depID=S.deptID
LEFT JOIN Score Sc ON Sc.stuID=S.stuID
), cte2 as
(
SELECT
DISTINCT
depID,
stuID,
MAX (sumScore) OVER (PARTITION BY depID) as maxScore
FROM
cte1
)
SELECT
c1.depID,
c1.depName,
c1.stuID,
c1.stuName,
c1.sumScore
from cte2 c2 INNER JOIN cte1 c1
ON c1.depID=c2.depID AND c1.stuID=c2.stuID and c1.sumScore=c2.maxScore;


3、飞不动 正确

使用max函数的方式

use test;
select
e.*
from
(
select c.depID,c.depName,a.stuID,b.stuName,a.total from
( select stuID, sum (score) as total from Score group by stuID) a
join Student b on b.stuID=a.stuID
join Department c on c.depID=b.deptID
) e
join
( select b.deptID, max (a.total) maxScore from
( select stuID, sum (score) as total from Score group by stuID) a
join Student b on b.stuID=a.stuID
group by b.deptID
) f on e.depID=f.deptID and e.total=f.MaxScore
order by e.depID,e.stuID


4、之路 错误


select
depID,
depName,
stuId,
stuName,
PerTotalScore
from (
select
stuID,
stuName,
depID,
depName,
PerTotalScore,
ROW_NUMBER() OVER(partition by depID order by PerTotalScore) as RowId
from (
select
distinct
s.stuID,
s.stuName,
d.depID,
d.depName,
SUM (c.score) OVER(partition by d.depID,s.stuID) as PerTotalScore
from dbo.student s
JOIN dbo.Department d on s.deptID=d.depID
JOIN dbo.Score c ON s.StuID=c.StuID ) as T ) as TT
WHERE TT.RowId=1
order by depID,stuID

计算机 1 计算机张三 150

生物 4 生物amy 152
数学 9 数学_wuyong 141


5、King兵 正确


WITH a
AS
( SELECT Department.depID, Department.depName, Student.stuID, stuName, Dscore.scores,ROW_NUMBER() OVER(PARTITION BY Department.depID ORDER BY scores DESC ) ROWID
FROM Department
LEFT JOIN Student
on department.depID = student.deptID
LEFT JOIN ( SELECT Score.stuId, SUM (Score) AS scores
FROM Score
GROUP by stuID
) AS Dscore
on Student.stuID = dScore.stuID),
b
AS
(
SELECT Department.depID, Department.depName, Student.stuID, stuName, Dscore.scores,ROW_NUMBER() OVER(PARTITION BY Department.depID ORDER BY scores DESC ) ROWID
FROM Department
LEFT JOIN Student
on department.depID = student.deptID
LEFT JOIN ( SELECT Score.stuId, SUM (Score) AS scores
FROM Score
GROUP by stuID
) AS Dscore
on Student.stuID = dScore.stuID
)
SELECT depID, depName, stuID, stuName, scores,ROWID FROM a WHERE a.scores = ( SELECT MAX (scores) FROM b c WHERE a.depid = c.depid)


6、 怪咖Eric 正确

巧用PARTITION与RANK   推荐！！！！

    SELECT bb.deptID ,
    cc.depName ,
    bb.stuID ,
    bb.stuName ,
    bb.TotalScore
    FROM ( SELECT * ,
    RANK() OVER ( PARTITION BY deptID ORDER BY TotalScore DESC ) AS pos
    FROM ( SELECT SUM(b.score) AS TotalScore ,
    a.stuID ,
    a.stuName ,
    a.deptID
    FROM Student a
    JOIN Score b ON a.StuID = b.StuID
    GROUP BY a.stuID ,
    a.stuName ,
    a.deptID
    ) aa
    ) bb
    JOIN dbo.Department cc ON bb.deptID = cc.depID
    JOIN dbo.Student dd ON bb.stuID = dd.stuID
    WHERE pos = '1'
    ORDER BY bb.deptID ,
    bb.stuID



7、Michael Jiang 手写 改后正确


use test;
SELECT D.*
FROM (
SELECT de.depID,
de.depName,
st.stuID,
st.stuName,
sc.score,
RANK() OVER(
PARTITION BY st.deptID
ORDER BY sc.score DESC
) rowno
FROM Student st
LEFT JOIN Department de
ON de.depID=st.deptID
LEFT JOIN (
SELECT sc.stuID,
SUM (sc.score) score
FROM Score sc
GROUP BY sc.stuID
) sc
ON sc.stuID=st.stuID
) D
WHERE D.rowno = 1 --看错要求，原来只要列出最高分
ORDER BY D.depID, D.rowno

8、正确 Li.zheng


use test;
select * from (
select
( select depName from Department where Department.depID = a.depID) as depName,
( select stuName from Student where Student.stuID = a.stuID) as stuName,
dense_rank() over(partition by depID order by sumScore desc ) as rank,
a.sumScore
from
(
select
c.depID,b.stuid, sum (a.score) as sumScore
from
score as a
inner join Student as b on a.stuid = b.stuid
inner join Department as c on c.depID = b.deptID
group by
c.depID,b.stuid
) as a
) as b where b.rank = 1


9、下个路口 错误 漏了并列第一


SELECT *
FROM (
SELECT s1.stuID,s1.stuName,s1.deptID,t.totalScore,d.depName,
ROW_NUMBER() OVER(PARTITION BY d.depID ORDER BY totalScore DESC ) AS
Rn
FROM Student AS s1
INNER JOIN (
SELECT s.stuID, SUM (s2.score) AS totalScore FROM Student AS s
INNER JOIN Department AS d ON d.depID = s.deptID
INNER JOIN Score s2 ON s2.stuID = s.stuID
GROUP BY s.stuID
) AS t
ON t.stuID = s1.stuID
INNER JOIN Department AS d
ON d.depID = s1.deptID
) result
WHERE Rn = 1
ORDER BY result.stuID


10、自由_ 正确


select d.depID,d.depName,s.stuID,s.stuName,t.score from Department d left join
( select s.stuID, sum (s.score) as score,st.deptID,
rank() over(partition by st.deptID order by sum (s.score) desc ) ra from Score s
left join Student st on s.stuID = st.stuID group by s.stuID,st.deptID) t
on d.depID = t.deptID left join Student s on t.stuID = s.stuID
where t.ra = 1 order by d.depID,s.


11、 手写 改了之后 错误


use test;
with Combin AS
(
SELECT MAX (score) AS 最高分,deptID AS 系编号, MAX (a.stuID) AS 学生Id FROM Student a LEFT JOIN Score b ON a.stuID=b.stuID
GROUP BY a.deptID
)
SELECT
c.系编号,
( SELECT depName FROM Department d WHERE d.depID=c.系编号 ) AS 系名,
c.学生Id AS '学生编号' ,
( SELECT stuName FROM Student e WHERE e.stuID=c.学生Id ) AS '姓名' ,
c.最高分
FROM Combin c

计算机 3 计算机王五 89

生物 6 生物lucky 91
数学 9 数学_wuyong 97


12、 舍长 正确


use test;
WITH T1 AS (
SELECT A.DEPID,A.DEPNAME,B.STUID,B.STUNAME, SUM (C.SCORE) AS TotalScore
FROM Department A
INNER JOIN Student B
ON A.DEPID = B.DEPTID
INNER JOIN Score C
ON B.STUID = C.STUID
GROUP BY A.DEPID,A.DEPNAME,B.STUID,B.STUNAME
),
T2 AS (
SELECT *,RANK() OVER(PARTITION BY DEPID ORDER BY TotalScore DESC ) AS RankScore FROM T1
)
SELECT * FROM T2 WHERE RankScore = 1 ORDER BY DEPID,STUID


13、Ender.Lu 正确


with
tscore as ( select stuID , sum (score) as score from dbo.Score group by stuID),
tinfo as ( select Student.deptID ,Department.depName,dbo.Student.stuID,dbo.Student.stuName,tscore.score from dbo.Student
inner join [dbo].[Department] on dbo.Department.depID = student.deptID
left join tscore on tscore.stuid = Student.stuID),
trank as (
select deptID ,depName,stuID,stuName,score ,rank() over(partition by deptID order by score desc ) as level from tinfo
)
select deptID ,depName,stuID,stuName,score from trank where level = 1 order by deptID ,stuID;


14、McJeremy&Fan 正确


select p.totalscore,p.stuid,p.stuname,p.deptid,x.depname from
(
select
dense_rank() over(partition by deptid order by totalscore desc ) as num,
a.totalscore,b.stuid,b.stuname,b.deptid
from
(
select stuid, sum (score) as totalscore from score
group by stuid
) a inner join student b on a.stuid=b.stuid
) as p
inner join department x on p.deptid=x.depid
where p.num=1


15、清水无大大鱼 正确


with temp as (
select a.deptid,a.stuID,a.stuName,b.score from student a,( select stuID, sum (score) as score from score group by stuID)b where a.stuID=b.stuID)
select d.depID,d.depName,b.stuID,b.stuName,b.score from Department d,(
select * from temp t where t.score=( select max (score) from temp sc where t.deptid=sc.deptid)) b where d.depID=b.deptID order by depID,stuID


16、 BattleHeart 正确


SELECT D.*,DD.depName FROM (
SELECT C.stuID,
C.TotleScore,
C.stuName,
C.deptID,
DENSE_RANK() OVER(PARTITION BY C.deptID ORDER BY C.TotleScore DESC ) nubid
FROM ( SELECT S.stuID,
ST.stuName,
SUM (S.score) AS TotleScore,
ST.deptID
FROM dbo.Student AS ST
INNER JOIN dbo.Score AS S ON S.stuID = ST.stuID
GROUP BY S.stuID,ST.deptID,ST.stuName) AS C) AS D INNER JOIN dbo.Department AS DD
ON DD.depID = D.deptID WHERE D.nubid=1


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