(C#)设计模式 之 观察者模式 (经典应用:猫叫,烧开水)

转自：http://www.cnblogs.com/panbbb/archive/2008/11/10/1330695.html

/*
* 题目：
* 猫叫了，所有老鼠开始逃跑，主人被惊醒，请用OO的思想描绘此过程
* 1，老鼠跟主人是被动的
* 2，要考虑联动性与扩展性
*/
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;
namespace CatCry
{
    /*委托，当猫叫时将信息传给所有观察者*/
    public delegate void CatCryEventHandler(object sender, EventArgs e);
    /*被观察对象*/
    abstract class Subject
    {
        public event CatCryEventHandler CatCryEvent;//猫叫时的事件
        public void Cry(EventArgs e)
        {
            this.CatCryEvent(this, e);
        }
        public void Cry()
        {
            //不接收猫叫时发出的信息
            this.CatCryEvent(this, new EventArgs());
        }
    }
    /*观察者*/
    abstract class Observer
    {
        public Observer() { }
        public Observer(Subject subject)
        {
            subject.CatCryEvent += new CatCryEventHandler(this.Notified);
        }
        //当猫叫时做出的反应（当收到通知时）
        abstract protected void Notified(object sender, EventArgs e);
    }
    /*定义猫作为被观察对象*/
    class Cat : Subject
    {
        public Cat() { Console.WriteLine("猫叫了"); }
    }
    /*定义老鼠作为观察者*/
    class Mouse : Observer
    {
        string mouseName;
        public Mouse() { }
        public Mouse(string mouseName, Subject subject)
            : base(subject)
        {
            this.mouseName = mouseName;
        }
        override protected void Notified(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            Console.WriteLine(this.mouseName + "开始逃跑");
        }
    }
    /*定义主人作为观察者*/
    class Marster : Observer
    {
        public Marster() { }
        public Marster(Subject subject) : base(subject) { }
        override protected void Notified(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("主人被惊醒了");
        }
    }
    /// <summary>
    /// 功能：用观察者模式实现
    /// 作者：allnen
    /// 时间：2008-6-5
    /// </summary>
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Cat cat = new Cat();
            Mouse m1 = new Mouse("老鼠1", cat);
            Mouse m2 = new Mouse("老鼠2", cat);
            Marster marster = new Marster(cat);
            cat.Cry();//猫叫了
        }
    }
}

 

/*
 * code 烧开水
 */
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;
namespace Delegate
{
    // 热水器
    public class Heater
    {
        private int temperature;
        public string type = "RealFire 001"; // 添加型号作为演示
        public string area = "China Xian"; // 添加产地作为演示
        //声明委托
        public delegate void BoiledEventHandler(Object sender, BoiledEventArgs e);
        public event BoiledEventHandler Boiled; //声明事件
        // 定义BoiledEventArgs类，传递给Observer所感兴趣的信息
        public class BoiledEventArgs : EventArgs
        {
            public readonly int temperature;
            public BoiledEventArgs(int temperature)
            {
                this.temperature = temperature;
            }
        }
        // 可以供继承自 Heater 的类重写，以便继承类拒绝其他对象对它的监视
        protected virtual void OnBoiled(BoiledEventArgs e)
        {
            if (Boiled != null)
            { // 如果有对象注册
                Boiled(this, e); // 调用所有注册对象的方法
            }
        }
        // 烧水。
        public void BoilWater()
        {
            for (int i = 0; i <= 100; i++)
            {
                temperature = i;
                if (temperature > 95)
                {
                    //建立BoiledEventArgs 对象。
                    BoiledEventArgs e = new BoiledEventArgs(temperature);
                    OnBoiled(e); // 调用 OnBolied方法
                }
            }
        }
    }
    // 警报器
    public class Alarm
    {
        public void MakeAlert(Object sender, Heater.BoiledEventArgs e)
        {
            Heater heater = (Heater)sender; //这里是不是很熟悉呢？
            //访问 sender 中的公共字段
            Console.WriteLine("Alarm：{0} - {1}: ", heater.area, heater.type);
            Console.WriteLine("Alarm: 嘀嘀嘀，水已经 {0} 度了：", e.temperature);
            Console.WriteLine();
        }
    }
    // 显示器
    public class Display
    {
        public static void ShowMsg(Object sender, Heater.BoiledEventArgs e)
        { //静态方法
            Heater heater = (Heater)sender;
            Console.WriteLine("Display：{0} - {1}: ", heater.area, heater.type);
            Console.WriteLine("Display：水快烧开了，当前温度：{0}度。", e.temperature);
            Console.WriteLine();
        }
    }
    class Program
    {
        static void Main()
        {
            Heater heater = new Heater();
            Alarm alarm = new Alarm();
            heater.Boiled += alarm.MakeAlert; //注册方法
            heater.Boiled += (new Alarm()).MakeAlert; //给匿名对象注册方法
            heater.Boiled += new Heater.BoiledEventHandler(alarm.MakeAlert); //也可以这么注册
            heater.Boiled += Display.ShowMsg; //注册静态方法
            heater.BoilWater(); //烧水，会自动调用注册过对象的方法
        }
    }
}
//输出为：
//Alarm：China Xian - RealFire 001:
//Alarm: 嘀嘀嘀，水已经 96 度了：
//Alarm：China Xian - RealFire 001:
//Alarm: 嘀嘀嘀，水已经 96 度了：
//Alarm：China Xian - RealFire 001:
//Alarm: 嘀嘀嘀，水已经 96 度了：
//Display：China Xian - RealFire 001:
//Display：水快烧开了，当前温度：96度。