在数据库运维的过程中,Shell 脚本在很大程度上为运维提供了极大的便利性。而shell 脚本参数作为变量传递给SQL以及SQL脚本也是DBA经常碰到的情形之一。本文主要讨论了如何将shell脚本的参数传递到SQL脚本之中并执行SQL查询。
有关shell与SQL之间的变量传递,请参考: Linux/Unix shell sql 之间传递变量
1、启动sqlplus时执行脚本并传递参数
- robin@SZDB:~/dba_scripts/custom/awr> more tmp.sh
- #!/bin/bash
- # ----------------------------------------------
- # Set environment here
- # Author : Robinson Cheng
- # Blog : http://blog.csdn.net/robinson_0612
- # ----------------------------------------------
- if [ -f ~/.bash_profile ]; then
- . ~/.bash_profile
- fi
- if [ -z "${1}" ] || [ -z "${2}" ] || [ -z "${3}" ] ;then
- echo "Usage: "
- echo " `basename $0` <ORACLE_SID> <begin_dat> <end_date>"
- read -p "please input begin ORACLE_SID:" ORACLE_SID
- read -p "please input begin date and time(e.g. yyyymmddhh24):" begin_date
- read -p "please input end date and time(e.g. yyyymmddhh24):" end_date
- else
- ORACLE_SID=${1}
- begin_date=${2}
- end_date=${3}
- fi
- export ORACLE_SID begin_date end_date
- #Method 1: pass the parameter to script directly after script name
- sqlplus -S gx_adm/gx_adm @/users/robin/dba_scripts/custom/awr/tmp.sql $begin_date $end_date
- exit
- robin@SZDB:~/dba_scripts/custom/awr> more tmp.sql
- SELECT snap_id, dbid, snap_level
- FROM dba_hist_snapshot
- WHERE TO_CHAR (begin_interval_time, 'yyyymmddhh24') = '&1'
- AND TO_CHAR (end_interval_time, 'yyyymmddhh24') = '&2';
- exit;
2、在SQL提示符下传递参数
- robin@SZDB:~/dba_scripts/custom/awr> more tmp2.sh
- #!/bin/bash
- # ----------------------------------------------
- # Set environment here
- # Author : Robinson Cheng
- # Blog : http://blog.csdn.net/robinson_0612
- # ----------------------------------------------
- if [ -f ~/.bash_profile ]; then
- . ~/.bash_profile
- fi
- if [ -z "${1}" ] || [ -z "${2}" ] || [ -z "${3}" ] ;then
- echo "Usage: "
- echo " `basename $0` <ORACLE_SID> <begin_dat> <end_date>"
- read -p "please input begin ORACLE_SID:" ORACLE_SID
- read -p "please input begin date and time(e.g. yyyymmddhh24):" begin_date
- read -p "please input end date and time(e.g. yyyymmddhh24):" end_date
- else
- ORACLE_SID=${1}
- begin_date=${2}
- end_date=${3}
- fi
- export ORACLE_SID begin_date end_date
- #Method 2: pass the parameter in SQL prompt. Using the same method with method 1
- sqlplus -S " / as sysdba" <<EOF
- @/users/robin/dba_scripts/custom/awr/tmp.sql $begin_date $end_date
- exit;
- EOF
- exit
3、通过定义变量的方式来传递参数
- robin@SZDB:~/dba_scripts/custom/awr> more tmp3.sh
- #!/bin/bash
- # ----------------------------------------------
- # Set environment here
- # Author : Robinson Cheng
- # Blog : http://blog.csdn.net/robinson_0612
- # ----------------------------------------------
- if [ -f ~/.bash_profile ]; then
- . ~/.bash_profile
- fi
- if [ -z "${1}" ] || [ -z "${2}" ] || [ -z "${3}" ] ;then
- echo "Usage: "
- echo " `basename $0` <ORACLE_SID> <begin_dat> <end_date>"
- read -p "please input begin ORACLE_SID:" ORACLE_SID
- read -p "please input begin date and time(e.g. yyyymmddhh24):" begin_date
- read -p "please input end date and time(e.g. yyyymmddhh24):" end_date
- else
- ORACLE_SID=${1}
- begin_date=${2}
- end_date=${3}
- fi
- export ORACLE_SID begin_date end_date
- #Method 3: pass the parameter to global variable firstly.
- sqlplus -S " / as sysdba" <<EOF
- define begin_date=$begin_date
- define end_date=$end_date
- prompt "variable value for begin_date is: &begin_date"
- prompt "variable value for end_date id : &end_date"
- @/users/robin/dba_scripts/custom/awr/tmp3.sql begin_date end_date
- exit;
- EOF
- exit
- robin@SZDB:~/dba_scripts/custom/awr> more tmp3.sql
- SELECT snap_id, dbid, snap_level
- FROM dba_hist_snapshot
- WHERE TO_CHAR (begin_interval_time, 'yyyymmddhh24') = '&begin_date'
- AND TO_CHAR (end_interval_time, 'yyyymmddhh24') = '&end_date';
- exit;
4、测试脚本
- robin@SZDB:~/dba_scripts/custom/awr> ./tmp.sh
- Usage:
- tmp.sh <ORACLE_SID> <begin_dat> <end_date>
- please input begin ORACLE_SID:CNMMBO
- please input begin date and time(e.g. yyyymmddhh24):2013030709
- please input end date and time(e.g. yyyymmddhh24):2013030710
- SNAP_ID DBID SNAP_LEVEL
- ---------- ---------- ----------
- 13877 938506715 1
- robin@SZDB:~/dba_scripts/custom/awr> ./tmp2.sh MMBOTST 2013030709 2013030710
- SNAP_ID DBID SNAP_LEVEL
- ---------- ---------- ----------
- 36262 3509254984 1
- robin@SZDB:~/dba_scripts/custom/awr> ./tmp3.sh MMBOTST 2013030710 2013030711
- "variable value for begin_date is: 2013030710"
- "variable value for end_date id : 2013030711"
- SNAP_ID DBID SNAP_LEVEL
- ---------- ---------- ----------
- 36263 3509254984 1
5、小结
a、本文主要描述了将shell的参数传递给SQL脚本
b、方式1的用法是直接将shell变量跟在脚本之后, sqlplus userid/pwd @script_name $para1 $para2
c、方式2是启动sqlplus后在SQL提示符下来传递参数, SQL>@script_name $para1 $para2
d、方式3则是将shell变量的值先传递给define定义的变量,然后再传递给SQL脚本 SQL>@script_name var1 var2
e、注意方式3中SQL脚本的替代变量与define定义的变量名相同