TCP server 为什么一个端口可以建立多个连接？

转自segment fault
TCP server 可以，TCP client 也可以。一个套接字只能建立一个连接，无论对于 server 还是 client。

注意报错消息是：

[Errno 106] (EISCONN) Transport endpoint is already connected

man 2 connect 说得很清楚了：

Generally, connection-based protocol sockets may successfully connect() only once; connectionless protocol sockets may use connect() multiple times to change their association.

就是说，TCP 套接字最多只能调用 connect 一次。那么，你的监听套接字调用 connect 了几次？

来点有意思的。

一个套接字不能连接两次，并不代表一个本地地址不能用两次，看！加粗文字加粗文字

>>> import socket
>>> s = socket.socket()
# since Linux 3.9, 见 man 7 socket
>>> s.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEPORT, 1)
>>> s2 = socket.socket()
>>> s2.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEPORT, 1)
>>> s.bind(('127.0.0.1', 12345))
>>> s2.bind(('127.0.0.1', 12345))
# 都可以使用同一本地地址来连接哦
>>> s.connect(('127.0.0.1', 80))
>>> s2.connect(('127.0.0.1', 4321))

>>> netstat -npt | grep 12345
(Not all processes could be identified, non-owned process info
 will not be shown, you would have to be root to see it all.)
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:4321          127.0.0.1:12345         ESTABLISHED 18284/python3
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:12345         127.0.0.1:4321          ESTABLISHED 4568/python3
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:80            127.0.0.1:12345         ESTABLISHED -
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:12345         127.0.0.1:80            ESTABLISHED 45