HTML基本格式
具有树形结构的文本信息
<>…</>构成了所属关系,形成了标签的树形结构
1.标签树的下行遍历
属性 | 说明 |
.contents | 子节点的列表,将<tag>所有儿子节点存入列表 |
.children | 子节点的迭代类型,与.contents类似,用于循环遍历儿子节点 |
.descendants | 子孙节点的迭代类型,包含所有子孙节点,用于循环遍历 |
BeautifulSoup类型是标签树的根节点
>>> soup.head
<head><title>This is a python demo page</title></head>
>>> soup.head.contents
[<title>This is a python demo page</title>]
>>> soup.body.contents
['\n', <p class="title"><b>The demo python introduces several python courses.</b></p>, '\n', <p class="course">Python is a wonderful general-purpose programming language. You can learn Python from novice to professional by tracking the following courses:
<a class="py1" href="http://www.icourse163.org/course/BIT-268001" id="link1">Basic Python</a> and <a class="py2" href="http://www.icourse163.org/course/BIT-1001870001" id="link2">Advanced Python</a>.</p>, '\n']
>>> len(soup.body.contents)
5
>>> soup.body.contents[1]
<p class="title"><b>The demo python introduces several python courses.</b></p>
遍历儿子节点:
for child in soup.body.children:
print(child)
遍历子孙节点:
for child in soup.body.descendants:
print(child)
2.标签树的上行遍历
属性 | 说明 |
.parent | 节点的父亲标签 |
.parents | 节点先辈标签的迭代类型,用于循环遍历先辈节点 |
>>> soup.title.parent
<head><title>This is a python demo page</title></head>
>>> soup.html.parent
<html><head><title>This is a python demo page</title></head>
<body>
<p class="title"><b>The demo python introduces several python courses.</b></p>
<p class="course">Python is a wonderful general-purpose programming language. You can learn Python from novice to professional by tracking the following courses:
<a class="py1" href="http://www.icourse163.org/course/BIT-268001" id="link1">Basic Python</a> and <a class="py2" href="http://www.icourse163.org/course/BIT-1001870001" id="link2">Advanced Python</a>.</p>
</body></html>
>>> soup.parent
>>>
>>> soup = BeautifulSoup(demo,"html.parser")
>>> for parent in soup.a.parents:
if parent is None:
print(parent)
else:
print(parent.name)
p
body
html
[document]
>>>
遍历所有先辈节点,包括soup本身,所以要区别判断
3.标签树的平行遍历
属性 | 说明 |
.next_sibling | 返回按照HTML文本顺序的下一个平行节点标签 |
.previous_sibling | 返回按照HTML文本顺序的上一个平行节点标签 |
.next_siblings | 迭代类型,返回按照HTML文本顺序的后续所有平行节点标签 |
.previous_siblings | 迭代类型,返回按照HTML文本顺序的前续所有平行节点 |
平行遍历发生在同一个父节点下的各节点间
>>> soup = BeautifulSoup(demo,"html.parser")
>>> soup.a.next_sibling
' and '
>>> soup.a.next_sibling.next_sibling
<a class="py2" href="http://www.icourse163.org/course/BIT-1001870001" id="link2">Advanced Python</a>
>>> soup.a.previous_sibling
'Python is a wonderful general-purpose programming language. You can learn Python from novice to professional by tracking the following courses:\r\n'
>>> soup.a.previous_sibling.previous_sibling
>>> soup.a.parent
<p class="course">Python is a wonderful general-purpose programming language. You can learn Python from novice to professional by tracking the following courses:
<a class="py1" href="http://www.icourse163.org/course/BIT-268001" id="link1">Basic Python</a> and <a class="py2" href="http://www.icourse163.org/course/BIT-1001870001" id="link2">Advanced Python</a>.</p>
>>>
遍历后续节点:
for sibling in soup.a.next_sibling:
print(sibling)
遍历前续节点:
for sibling in soup.a.previous_sibling:
print(sibling)
总结: