一天一个CRT函数 atoi

这一阵子真忙~年关将至，人也累死！

前面已经说过，将字符串转换为数字其实就是做的字符串解析的工作，atoi也不例外。就是利用strtol函数来实现，若转换数字超过最大范围（LONG_MAX—LONG_MIN）则返回错误。原理如下：

1. 1）解析空格  tIsspace
2. 2）判断正负号  ‘-’or  ’+’
3. 3）strtol判断转换进制  16进制、8进制、10进制
4. 4）解析数字字符
5. 5）对每个字符转换为相应数字  tIsdigit  tIsalpha
6. 6) 判断转换后的数字是否超过最大值
7. 7）累加，基于转换进制
8. 8）如果超过最大值则出错处理，负数就返回相反数
9. 9）返回转换后的数字

1.实现

   1: inline int tAtoi(const tChar *pStr)

   2: {

   3:     return tStrtol(pStr, NULL, 10);

   4: }

   5:  

   6: inline long tStrtol(const tChar *pStr, tChar **pEndPtr, int nBase)

   7: {

   8:     /*

   9:         Skip white space and pick up leading +/- sign if any.

  10:         If nBase is 0, allow 0x for hex and 0 for octal, else assume decimal

  11:         If nBase if already 16, allow 0x

  12:     */

  13:  

  14:     const tChar *pStrTmp = pStr;

  15:     int c = 0;

  16:  

  17:     

  18:     do 

  19:     {

  20:         c = *pStrTmp++;            /* skip whitespace */

  21:     } while (tIsspace(c));

  22:  

  23:     int nNegative = 0;            /* remember minus sign */

  24:     if( c == _T('-') )

  25:     {

  26:         nNegative = 1;

  27:         c = *pStrTmp++;

  28:     }

  29:     else if( c == _T('+') )

  30:     {

  31:         c = *pStrTmp++;            /* skip sign */

  32:     }

  33:  

  34:     if( nBase < 0 || nBase == 1 || nBase > 36) 

  35:     {

  36:         /* bad base! */

  37:         if( pEndPtr )

  38:             /* store beginning of string in endptr */

  39:             *pEndPtr = const_cast(reinterpret_cast<const tChar *>(pStr));

  40:         return 0L;              /* return 0 */

  41:     }

  42:  

  43:     // 判断当前是否转换为16进制

  44:     if( (nBase == 0 || nBase == 16) &&

  45:         (c == _T('0')) &&

  46:         (*pStrTmp == _T('x') || *pStrTmp == _T('X')) )

  47:     {

  48:         c = pStrTmp[1];

  49:         pStrTmp += 2;

  50:         nBase = 16;

  51:     }

  52:     // 是否转换为8进制

  53:     if( nBase == 0 )

  54:         nBase = (c == _T('0') ? 8 : 10);

  55:  

  56:  

  57:     /* if our number exceeds this, we will overflow on multiply */

  58:     unsigned long ulCutOff = 0;

  59:     int nCutLim = 0;

  60:  

  61:     ulCutOff    = nNegative ? -(unsigned long)(LONG_MIN) : LONG_MAX;

  62:     nCutLim        = ulCutOff % static_cast<unsigned long>(nBase);

  63:     ulCutOff    /= static_cast<unsigned long>(nBase);

  64:  

  65:  

  66:     unsigned long acc =0;

  67:     int any = 0;

  68:     for(acc = 0, any = 0; ; c = *pStrTmp++)

  69:     {

  70:         /* convert c to value */

  71:         if( tIsdigit(c) )

  72:             c -= _T('0');

  73:         else if( tIsalpha(c) )

  74:             c -= tIsupper(c) ? _T('A') - 10 : _T('a') - 10;

  75:         else

  76:             break;         /* exit loop if bad digit found */

  77:  

  78:         if( c >= nBase )

  79:             break;

  80:  

  81:         /*    we now need to compute number = number * base + digval,

  82:             but we need to know if overflow occured.  This requires

  83:             a tricky pre-check. 

  84:         */

  85:         if( any < 0 || acc > ulCutOff || acc == ulCutOff && c > nCutLim )

  86:             any = -1;

  87:         else    

  88:         {

  89:             any = 1;

  90:             acc *= nBase;

  91:             acc += c;

  92:         }

  93:     }

  94:  

  95:     if( any < 0 )

  96:     {

  97:         /* we would have overflowed */

  98:         acc = nNegative ? LONG_MIN : LONG_MAX;

  99:         //throw std::overflow_error("LONG_MIN or LONG MAX");

 100:     }

 101:     /* negate result if there was a neg sign */

 102:     else if( nNegative )

 103:         acc = -acc;

 104:  

 105:     if( pEndPtr != 0 )

 106:         *pEndPtr = const_cast(reinterpret_cast<const tChar *>(any ? pStrTmp - 1: pStr));

 107:  

 108:     return acc;

 109: }

测试代码为

   1: tChar    *str = NULL;

   2: int     value = 0;

   3:  

   4: // An example of the atoi function.

   5: str = _T("  -2309 ");

   6: value = CY_CRT::tAtoi( str );

   7: wcout << value << endl;

   8:  

   9: // Another example of the atoi function.

  10: str = _T("31412764");

  11: value = CY_CRT::tAtoi( str );

  12: wcout << value << endl;

 

怎么CSDN的Blog发图片一直被审核呢？莫非被最近的网络整风给怔住了？