Codeforces 584B Kolya and Tanya 【组合数学】

题目链接：Codeforces 584B Kolya and Tanya

B. Kolya and Tanya
time limit per test1 second
memory limit per test256 megabytes
inputstandard input
outputstandard output
Kolya loves putting gnomes at the circle table and giving them coins, and Tanya loves studying triplets of gnomes, sitting in the vertexes of an equilateral triangle.

More formally, there are 3n gnomes sitting in a circle. Each gnome can have from 1 to 3 coins. Let’s number the places in the order they occur in the circle by numbers from 0 to 3n - 1, let the gnome sitting on the i-th place have ai coins. If there is an integer i (0 ≤ i < n) such that ai + ai + n + ai + 2n ≠ 6, then Tanya is satisfied.

Count the number of ways to choose ai so that Tanya is satisfied. As there can be many ways of distributing coins, print the remainder of this number modulo 109 + 7. Two ways, a and b, are considered distinct if there is index i (0 ≤ i < 3n), such that ai ≠ bi (that is, some gnome got different number of coins in these two ways).

Input
A single line contains number n (1 ≤ n ≤ 105) — the number of the gnomes divided by three.

Output
Print a single number — the remainder of the number of variants of distributing coins that satisfy Tanya modulo 109 + 7.

Examples
input
1
output
20
input
2
output
680
Note
20 ways for n = 1 (gnome with index 0 sits on the top of the triangle, gnome 1 on the right vertex, gnome 2 on the left vertex):

题意：3*n个人围着圆桌子坐，依次为a[0],a[1],……a[3*n-1]，每个人可以拿1 - 3元钱。当存在一个i使得a[i] + a[i+n] + a[i+2*n] != 6时，则这个序列是合法的。

思路：全部情况为$3^{3*n}$，不合法情况就是1 2 3 与 2 2 2的组合，枚举其中一种组合的个数，统计一下就好了。

AC代码：

#include <cstdio>
#include <cstring>
#include <algorithm>
#include <iostream>
#include <queue>
#include <cmath>
#define fi first
#define se second
#define ll o<<1
#define rr o<<1|1
#define CLR(a, b) memset(a, (b), sizeof(a))
using namespace std;
typedef long long LL;
typedef pair<int, int> pii;
const int MOD = 1e9 + 7;
const int MAXN = 1e5 + 10;
const int INF = 0x3f3f3f3f;
void add(LL &x, LL y) { x += y; x %= MOD; }
LL pow_mod(LL a, LL n) {
    LL ans = 1LL;
    while(n) {
        if(n & 1) {
            ans = ans * a % MOD;
        }
        a = a * a % MOD;
        n >>= 1;
    }
    return ans;
}
LL fac[MAXN];
LL C(int n, int m) {
    return fac[n] * pow_mod(fac[n-m], MOD-2) % MOD * pow_mod(fac[m], MOD-2) % MOD;
}
void getfac() {
    fac[0] = 1LL;
    for(int i = 1; i <= 100000; i++) {
        fac[i] = fac[i-1] * i % MOD;
    }
}
int main()
{
    getfac(); int n;
    while(scanf("%d", &n) != EOF) {
        LL ans = pow_mod(3, 3*n);
        LL ans1 = 0;
        for(int i = 0; i <= n; i++) {
            add(ans1, C(n, i) * pow_mod(6, n-i) % MOD);
        }
        printf("%lld\n", ((ans-ans1)%MOD+MOD)%MOD);
    }
    return 0;
}