今天来分享下android的录音，并绘制波形。也许大家还不知道我在说啥功能上图吧！网上找了很多都写得很垃圾不说，有些甚至连原理都没整明白就直接用在项目中。中国大神就是与众不同。
上图是边录制边绘制的图，先讲讲原理，可能会涉及到音频的知识，如果我讲的不清楚你自己想办法弄懂吧。（神马还是要靠自己）
波形声音设备可以通过麦克风捕捉声音，并将其转换为数值，然后把它们储存到内存或者磁盘上的波形中，波形文件的扩展名是 .WAV。这样，声音就可以播放了。数字化的波形声音是一种使用二进制表示的串行比特流，它遵循一定的标准或者规范编码，其数据是按时间顺序组织的，文件扩展名为“wav”
有的同学看到这肯定android不是pcm格式吗 你咋说wav，这个其实pcm加个wave头就是wav文件了，我想分析下这个wav头格式，先上pcm转换成wav格式代码
public class Pcm2Wav
{
public void convertAudioFiles(String src, String target) throws Exception
{
FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(src);
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(target);
//计算长度
byte[] buf = new byte[1024 * 4];
int size = fis.read(buf);
int PCMSize = 0;
while (size != -1)
{
PCMSize += size;
size = fis.read(buf);
}
fis.close();
//填入参数，比特率等等。这里用的是16位单声道 8000 hz
WaveHeader header = new WaveHeader();
//长度字段 = 内容的大小（PCMSize) + 头部字段的大小(不包括前面4字节的标识符RIFF以及fileLength本身的4字节)
header.fileLength = PCMSize + (44 - 8);
header.FmtHdrLeth = 16;
header.BitsPerSample = 16;
header.Channels = 1;
header.FormatTag = 0x0001;
header.SamplesPerSec = 16000;
header.BlockAlign = (short) (header.Channels * header.BitsPerSample / 8);
header.AvgBytesPerSec = header.BlockAlign * header.SamplesPerSec;
header.DataHdrLeth = PCMSize;
byte[] h = header.getHeader();
assert h.length == 44; //WAV标准，头部应该是44字节
//write header
fos.write(h, 0, h.length);
//write data stream
fis = new FileInputStream(src);
size = fis.read(buf);
while (size != -1)
{
fos.write(buf, 0, size);
size = fis.read(buf);
}
fis.close();
fos.close();
}
}
我相信做过的肯定会说加个头，网上都有算法在前面加44个字节对应格式的数据就可以了。（这种最多，其实还有其他的头格式，只是提醒下）
<pre name="code" class="html"> 00H 4 char "RIFF"标志
04H 4 long int 文件长度
08H 4 char "WAVE"标志
0CH 4 char "fmt"标志
10H 4 过渡字节（不定）
14H 2 int 格式类别（10H为PCM形式的声音数据)
16H 2 int 通道数，单声道为1，双声道为2
18H 2 int 采样率（每秒样本数），表示每个通道的播放速度，
1CH 4 long int 波形音频数据传送速率，其值为通道数×每秒数据位数×每样
本的数据位数／8。播放软件利用此值可以估计缓冲区的大小。
20H 2 int 数据块的调整数（按字节算的），其值为通道数×每样本的数据位
值／8。播放软件需要一次处理多个该值大小的字节数据，以便将其值用于缓冲区的调整。
22H 2 每样本的数据位数，表示每个声道中各个样本的数据位数。如果有多
个声道，对每个声道而言，样本大小都一样。
24H 4 char 数据标记符＂data＂
28H 4 long int 语音数据的长度
上面就是一个wav的头信息，那我们波形和哪些信息有关呢，是不是又头疼了...哈哈，慢慢听cokus来给你分析
采样的位数指的是描述数字信号所使用的位数。8位(8bit)代表2的8次方=256，16 位(16bit)则代表2的16次方=65536 / 1024 =64K采样率是一秒钟内对声音信号的采样次数,采样率越高声音音质理论就越真实音频文件就越大。
也许很多聪明的同学已经看懂了，我们可以根据wav的头信息获取他的采样，然后从录音缓存区中随着时间顺序去读取对应的一个数值，然后通过这个数值去绘制对应的，
我们项目中用的16位所以我可以直接用short，也可以用byte，如果你是8位的必须用byte了。上代码
short[] buffer = new short[recBufSize];
audioRecord.startRecording(); // 开始录制
while (isRecording) {
// 从MIC保存数据到缓冲区
int readsize = audioRecord.read(buffer, 0,
recBufSize);<pre name="code" class="java" style="text-indent: 28px;">synchronized (inBuf) {
// 添加数据
int len = readsize / rateX;
for (int i = 0; i < len; i += rateX) {
inBuf.add(buffer[i]);
}
}
边录边绘制这个过程说到这里，其次就是生成一个完成的波形图，其实原理同上，只是可能有些参数动态配置就可以，我是分开的封装的录音绘制用的surfaceview，波形汇总用的View。
package com.cokus.audio;
import com.datatang.client.R;
import android.annotation.SuppressLint;
import android.annotation.TargetApi;
import android.content.Context;
import android.graphics.Canvas;
import android.graphics.Color;
import android.graphics.DashPathEffect;
import android.graphics.Paint;
import android.os.Build;
import android.util.AttributeSet;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.GestureDetector;
import android.view.MotionEvent;
import android.view.ScaleGestureDetector;
import android.view.View;
public class WaveformView extends View {
public interface WaveformListener {
public void waveformTouchStart(float x);
public void waveformTouchMove(float x);
public void waveformTouchEnd();
public void waveformFling(float x);
public void waveformDraw();
public void waveformZoomIn();
public void waveformZoomOut();
};
// Colors
private int line_offset;
private Paint mGridPaint;
private Paint mSelectedLinePaint;
private Paint mUnselectedLinePaint;
private Paint mUnselectedBkgndLinePaint;
private Paint mBorderLinePaint;
private Paint mPlaybackLinePaint;
private Paint mTimecodePaint;
Paint paintLine;
private int playFinish;
private SoundFile mSoundFile;
private int[] mLenByZoomLevel;
private double[][] mValuesByZoomLevel;
private double[] mZoomFactorByZoomLevel;
private int[] mHeightsAtThisZoomLevel;
private int mZoomLevel;
private int mNumZoomLevels;
private int mSampleRate;
private int mSamplesPerFrame;
private int mOffset;
private int mSelectionStart;
private int mSelectionEnd;
private int mPlaybackPos;
private float mDensity;
private float mInitialScaleSpan;
private WaveformListener mListener;
private GestureDetector mGestureDetector;
private ScaleGestureDetector mScaleGestureDetector;
private boolean mInitialized;
private int state=0;
public int getPlayFinish() {
return playFinish;
}
public void setPlayFinish(int playFinish) {
this.playFinish = playFinish;
}
public int getState() {
return state;
}
public void setState(int state) {
this.state = state;
}
public int getLine_offset() {
return line_offset;
}
public void setLine_offset(int line_offset) {
this.line_offset = line_offset;
}
public WaveformView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
super(context, attrs);
// We don't want keys, the markers get these
setFocusable(false);
mGridPaint = new Paint();
mGridPaint.setAntiAlias(false);
mGridPaint.setColor(
getResources().getColor(R.drawable.grid_line));
mSelectedLinePaint = new Paint();
mSelectedLinePaint.setAntiAlias(false);
mSelectedLinePaint.setColor(
getResources().getColor(R.drawable.waveform_selected));
mUnselectedLinePaint = new Paint();
mUnselectedLinePaint.setAntiAlias(false);
mUnselectedLinePaint.setColor(
getResources().getColor(R.drawable.waveform_unselected));
mUnselectedBkgndLinePaint = new Paint();
mUnselectedBkgndLinePaint.setAntiAlias(false);
mUnselectedBkgndLinePaint.setColor(
getResources().getColor(
R.drawable.waveform_unselected_bkgnd_overlay));
mBorderLinePaint = new Paint();
mBorderLinePaint.setAntiAlias(true);
mBorderLinePaint.setStrokeWidth(1.5f);
mBorderLinePaint.setPathEffect(
new DashPathEffect(new float[] { 3.0f, 2.0f }, 0.0f));
mBorderLinePaint.setColor(
getResources().getColor(R.drawable.selection_border));
mPlaybackLinePaint = new Paint();
mPlaybackLinePaint.setAntiAlias(false);
mPlaybackLinePaint.setColor(
getResources().getColor(R.drawable.playback_indicator));
mTimecodePaint = new Paint();
mTimecodePaint.setTextSize(12);
mTimecodePaint.setAntiAlias(true);
mTimecodePaint.setColor(
getResources().getColor(R.drawable.timecode));
mTimecodePaint.setShadowLayer(
2, 1, 1,
getResources().getColor(R.drawable.timecode_shadow));
mGestureDetector = new GestureDetector(
context,
new GestureDetector.SimpleOnGestureListener() {
public boolean onFling(MotionEvent e1, MotionEvent e2, float vx, float vy) {
// mListener.waveformFling(vx);
return true;
}
}
);
mScaleGestureDetector = new ScaleGestureDetector(
context,
new ScaleGestureDetector.SimpleOnScaleGestureListener() {
@SuppressLint("NewApi")
public boolean onScaleBegin(ScaleGestureDetector d) {
Log.v("Ringdroid", "ScaleBegin " + d.getCurrentSpanX());
mInitialScaleSpan = Math.abs(d.getCurrentSpanX());
return true;
}
@SuppressLint("NewApi")
public boolean onScale(ScaleGestureDetector d) {
float scale = Math.abs(d.getCurrentSpanX());
Log.v("Ringdroid", "Scale " + (scale - mInitialScaleSpan));
if (scale - mInitialScaleSpan > 40) {
mListener.waveformZoomIn();
mInitialScaleSpan = scale;
}
if (scale - mInitialScaleSpan < -40) {
mListener.waveformZoomOut();
mInitialScaleSpan = scale;
}
return true;
}
@TargetApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.HONEYCOMB)
public void onScaleEnd(ScaleGestureDetector d) {
Log.v("Ringdroid", "ScaleEnd " + d.getCurrentSpanX());
}
}
);
mSoundFile = null;
mLenByZoomLevel = null;
mValuesByZoomLevel = null;
mHeightsAtThisZoomLevel = null;
mOffset = 0;
mPlaybackPos = -1;
mSelectionStart = 0;
mSelectionEnd = 0;
mDensity = 1.0f;
mInitialized = false;
}
public boolean hasSoundFile() {
return mSoundFile != null;
}
public void setSoundFile(SoundFile soundFile) {
mSoundFile = soundFile;
mSampleRate = mSoundFile.getSampleRate();
mSamplesPerFrame = mSoundFile.getSamplesPerFrame();
computeDoublesForAllZoomLevels();
mHeightsAtThisZoomLevel = null;
}
public boolean isInitialized() {
return mInitialized;
}
public int getZoomLevel() {
return mZoomLevel;
}
public void setZoomLevel(int zoomLevel) {
while (mZoomLevel > zoomLevel) {
zoomIn();
}
while (mZoomLevel < zoomLevel) {
zoomOut();
}
}
public boolean canZoomIn() {
//System.out.println("heihie"+mZoomLevel);
return (mZoomLevel > 0);
}
public void zoomIn() {
if (canZoomIn()) {
mZoomLevel--;
mSelectionStart *= 2;
mSelectionEnd *= 2;
mHeightsAtThisZoomLevel = null;
int offsetCenter = mOffset + getMeasuredWidth() / 2;
offsetCenter *= 2;
mOffset = offsetCenter - getMeasuredWidth() / 2;
if (mOffset < 0)
mOffset = 0;
invalidate();
}
}
public boolean canZoomOut() {
return (mZoomLevel < mNumZoomLevels - 1);
}
public void zoomOut() {
if (canZoomOut()) {
mZoomLevel++;
mSelectionStart /= 2;
mSelectionEnd /= 2;
int offsetCenter = mOffset + getMeasuredWidth() / 2;
offsetCenter /= 2;
mOffset = offsetCenter - getMeasuredWidth() / 2;
if (mOffset < 0)
mOffset = 0;
mHeightsAtThisZoomLevel = null;
invalidate();
}
}
public int maxPos() {
return mLenByZoomLevel[mZoomLevel];
}
public int secondsToFrames(double seconds) {
return (int)(1.0 * seconds * mSampleRate / mSamplesPerFrame + 0.5);
}
public int secondsToPixels(double seconds) {
double z = mZoomFactorByZoomLevel[mZoomLevel];
return (int)(z * seconds * mSampleRate / mSamplesPerFrame + 0.5);
}
public double pixelsToSeconds(int pixels) {
double z = mZoomFactorByZoomLevel[mZoomLevel];
return (mSoundFile.getmNumFramesFloat()*2 * (double)mSamplesPerFrame / (mSampleRate * z));
}
public int millisecsToPixels(int msecs) {
double z = mZoomFactorByZoomLevel[mZoomLevel];
return (int)((msecs * 1.0 * mSampleRate * z) /
(1000.0 * mSamplesPerFrame) + 0.5);
}
public int pixelsToMillisecs(int pixels) {
double z = mZoomFactorByZoomLevel[mZoomLevel];
return (int)(pixels * (1000.0 * mSamplesPerFrame) /
(mSampleRate * z) + 0.5);
}
public int pixelsToMillisecsTotal() {
double z = mZoomFactorByZoomLevel[mZoomLevel];
return (int)(mSoundFile.getmNumFramesFloat()*2 * (1000.0 * mSamplesPerFrame) /
(mSampleRate * z) + 0.5);
}
public void setParameters(int start, int end, int offset) {
mSelectionStart = start;
mSelectionEnd = end;
mOffset = offset;
}
public int getStart() {
return mSelectionStart;
}
public int getEnd() {
return mSelectionEnd;
}
public int getOffset() {
return mOffset;
}
public void setPlayback(int pos) {
mPlaybackPos = pos;
}
public void setListener(WaveformListener listener) {
mListener = listener;
}
public void recomputeHeights(float density) {
mHeightsAtThisZoomLevel = null;
mDensity = density;
mTimecodePaint.setTextSize((int)(12 * density));
invalidate();
}
protected void drawWaveformLine(Canvas canvas,
int x, int y0, int y1,
Paint paint) {
int pos = maxPos();
float rat =((float)getMeasuredWidth()/pos);
canvas.drawLine((int)(x*rat), y0*3/4+getMeasuredHeight()/8, (int)(x*rat), y1*3/4+getMeasuredHeight()/8, paint);
}
@Override
protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) {
super.onDraw(canvas);
int measuredWidth = getMeasuredWidth();
int measuredHeight = getMeasuredHeight();
int height =measuredHeight-line_offset;
Paint centerLine = new Paint();
centerLine.setColor(Color.rgb(39, 199, 175));
canvas.drawLine(0, height*0.5f+line_offset/2, measuredWidth, height*0.5f+line_offset/2, centerLine);//中心线
paintLine =new Paint();
paintLine.setColor(Color.rgb(169, 169, 169));
canvas.drawLine(0, line_offset/2,measuredWidth, line_offset/2, paintLine);//最上面的那根线
// canvas.drawLine(0, height*0.25f+20, measuredWidth, height*0.25f+20, paintLine);//第二根线
// canvas.drawLine(0, height*0.75f+20, measuredWidth, height*0.75f+20, paintLine);//第3根线
canvas.drawLine(0, measuredHeight-line_offset/2-1, measuredWidth, measuredHeight-line_offset/2-1, paintLine);//最下面的那根线
// }
if(state == 1){
mSoundFile = null;
state = 0;
return;
}
if (mSoundFile == null){
height =measuredHeight-line_offset;
centerLine = new Paint();
centerLine.setColor(Color.rgb(39, 199, 175));
canvas.drawLine(0, height*0.5f+line_offset/2, measuredWidth, height*0.5f+line_offset/2, centerLine);//中心线
paintLine =new Paint();
paintLine.setColor(Color.rgb(169, 169, 169));
canvas.drawLine(0, line_offset/2,measuredWidth, line_offset/2, paintLine);//最上面的那根线
// canvas.drawLine(0, height*0.25f+20, measuredWidth, height*0.25f+20, paintLine);//第二根线
// canvas.drawLine(0, height*0.75f+20, measuredWidth, height*0.75f+20, paintLine);//第3根线
canvas.drawLine(0, measuredHeight-line_offset/2-1, measuredWidth, measuredHeight-line_offset/2-1, paintLine);//最下面的那根线
return;
}
if (mHeightsAtThisZoomLevel == null)
computeIntsForThisZoomLevel();
// Draw waveform
int start = mOffset;
int width = mHeightsAtThisZoomLevel.length - start;
int ctr = measuredHeight / 2;
if (width > measuredWidth)
width = measuredWidth;
// Draw grid
double onePixelInSecs = pixelsToSeconds(1);
boolean onlyEveryFiveSecs = (onePixelInSecs > 1.0 / 50.0);
double fractionalSecs = mOffset * onePixelInSecs;
int integerSecs = (int) fractionalSecs;
int i = 0;
while (i < width) {
i++;
fractionalSecs += onePixelInSecs;
int integerSecsNew = (int) fractionalSecs;
if (integerSecsNew != integerSecs) {
integerSecs = integerSecsNew;
if (!onlyEveryFiveSecs || 0 == (integerSecs % 5)) {
// canvas.drawLine(i, 0, i, measuredHeight, mGridPaint);
}
}
}
// Draw waveform
for (i = 0; i < width; i++) {
Paint paint;
if (i + start >= mSelectionStart &&
i + start < mSelectionEnd) {
paint = mSelectedLinePaint;
} else {
// drawWaveformLine(canvas, i, 0, measuredHeight,
// mUnselectedBkgndLinePaint);
paint = mUnselectedLinePaint;
}
paint.setColor(Color.rgb(39, 199, 175));
paint.setStrokeWidth(2);
drawWaveformLine(
canvas, i,
(ctr - mHeightsAtThisZoomLevel[start + i]),
(ctr + 1 + mHeightsAtThisZoomLevel[start + i]),
paint);
if (i + start == mPlaybackPos && playFinish != 1) {
Paint circlePaint = new Paint();//画圆
circlePaint.setColor(Color.rgb(246, 131, 126));
circlePaint.setAntiAlias(true);
canvas.drawCircle(i*getMeasuredWidth()/maxPos(), line_offset/4, line_offset/4, circlePaint);// 上圆
canvas.drawCircle(i*getMeasuredWidth()/maxPos(), getMeasuredHeight()-line_offset/4, line_offset/4, circlePaint);// 下圆
canvas.drawLine(i*getMeasuredWidth()/maxPos(), 0, i*getMeasuredWidth()/maxPos(), getMeasuredHeight(), circlePaint);//垂直的线
//System.out.println("current"+mPlaybackPos);
//画正在播放的线
//canvas.drawLine(i*getMeasuredWidth()/maxPos(), 0, i*getMeasuredWidth()/maxPos(), measuredHeight, paint);
}
}
// Draw timecode
double timecodeIntervalSecs = 1.0;
if (timecodeIntervalSecs / onePixelInSecs < 50) {
timecodeIntervalSecs = 5.0;
}
if (timecodeIntervalSecs / onePixelInSecs < 50) {
timecodeIntervalSecs = 15.0;
}
if (mListener != null) {
mListener.waveformDraw();
}
}
public void initWaveView(View view){
}
/**
* Called once when a new sound file is added
*/
private void computeDoublesForAllZoomLevels() {
int numFrames = mSoundFile.getNumFrames();
int[] frameGains = mSoundFile.getFrameGains();
double[] smoothedGains = new double[numFrames];
if (numFrames == 1) {
smoothedGains[0] = frameGains[0];
} else if (numFrames == 2) {
smoothedGains[0] = frameGains[0];
smoothedGains[1] = frameGains[1];
} else if (numFrames > 2) {
smoothedGains[0] = (double)(
(frameGains[0] / 2.0) +
(frameGains[1] / 2.0));
for (int i = 1; i < numFrames - 1; i++) {
smoothedGains[i] = (double)(
(frameGains[i - 1] / 3.0) +
(frameGains[i ] / 3.0) +
(frameGains[i + 1] / 3.0));
}
smoothedGains[numFrames - 1] = (double)(
(frameGains[numFrames - 2] / 2.0) +
(frameGains[numFrames - 1] / 2.0));
}
// Make sure the range is no more than 0 - 255
double maxGain = 1.0;
for (int i = 0; i < numFrames; i++) {
if (smoothedGains[i] > maxGain) {
maxGain = smoothedGains[i];
}
}
double scaleFactor = 1.0;
if (maxGain > 255.0) {
scaleFactor = 255 / maxGain;
}
// Build histogram of 256 bins and figure out the new scaled max
maxGain = 0;
int gainHist[] = new int[256];
for (int i = 0; i < numFrames; i++) {
int smoothedGain = (int)(smoothedGains[i] * scaleFactor);
if (smoothedGain < 0)
smoothedGain = 0;
if (smoothedGain > 255)
smoothedGain = 255;
if (smoothedGain > maxGain)
maxGain = smoothedGain;
gainHist[smoothedGain]++;
}
// Re-calibrate the min to be 5%
double minGain = 0;
int sum = 0;
while (minGain < 255 && sum < numFrames / 20) {
sum += gainHist[(int)minGain];
minGain++;
}
// Re-calibrate the max to be 99%
sum = 0;
while (maxGain > 2 && sum < numFrames / 100) {
sum += gainHist[(int)maxGain];
maxGain--;
}
if(maxGain <=50){
maxGain = 80;
}else if(maxGain>50 && maxGain < 120){
maxGain = 142;
}else{
maxGain+=10;
}
// Compute the heights
double[] heights = new double[numFrames];
double range = maxGain - minGain;
for (int i = 0; i < numFrames; i++) {
double value = (smoothedGains[i] * scaleFactor - minGain) / range;
if (value < 0.0)
value = 0.0;
if (value > 1.0)
value = 1.0;
heights[i] = value * value;
}
mNumZoomLevels = 5;
mLenByZoomLevel = new int[5];
mZoomFactorByZoomLevel = new double[5];
mValuesByZoomLevel = new double[5][];
// Level 0 is doubled, with interpolated values
mLenByZoomLevel[0] = numFrames * 2;
System.out.println("ssnum"+numFrames);
mZoomFactorByZoomLevel[0] = 2.0;
mValuesByZoomLevel[0] = new double[mLenByZoomLevel[0]];
if (numFrames > 0) {
mValuesByZoomLevel[0][0] = 0.5 * heights[0];
mValuesByZoomLevel[0][1] = heights[0];
}
for (int i = 1; i < numFrames; i++) {
mValuesByZoomLevel[0][2 * i] = 0.5 * (heights[i - 1] + heights[i]);
mValuesByZoomLevel[0][2 * i + 1] = heights[i];
}
// Level 1 is normal
mLenByZoomLevel[1] = numFrames;
mValuesByZoomLevel[1] = new double[mLenByZoomLevel[1]];
mZoomFactorByZoomLevel[1] = 1.0;
for (int i = 0; i < mLenByZoomLevel[1]; i++) {
mValuesByZoomLevel[1][i] = heights[i];
}
// 3 more levels are each halved
for (int j = 2; j < 5; j++) {
mLenByZoomLevel[j] = mLenByZoomLevel[j - 1] / 2;
mValuesByZoomLevel[j] = new double[mLenByZoomLevel[j]];
mZoomFactorByZoomLevel[j] = mZoomFactorByZoomLevel[j - 1] / 2.0;
for (int i = 0; i < mLenByZoomLevel[j]; i++) {
mValuesByZoomLevel[j][i] =
0.5 * (mValuesByZoomLevel[j - 1][2 * i] +
mValuesByZoomLevel[j - 1][2 * i + 1]);
}
}
if (numFrames > 5000) {
mZoomLevel = 3;
} else if (numFrames > 1000) {
mZoomLevel = 2;
} else if (numFrames > 300) {
mZoomLevel = 1;
} else {
mZoomLevel = 0;
}
mInitialized = true;
}
/**
* Called the first time we need to draw when the zoom level has changed
* or the screen is resized
*/
private void computeIntsForThisZoomLevel() {
int halfHeight = (getMeasuredHeight() / 2) - 1;
mHeightsAtThisZoomLevel = new int[mLenByZoomLevel[mZoomLevel]];
for (int i = 0; i < mLenByZoomLevel[mZoomLevel]; i++) {
mHeightsAtThisZoomLevel[i] =
(int)(mValuesByZoomLevel[mZoomLevel][i] * halfHeight);
}
}
}
先说到在，如果不明白可以问我。我在补充。 有兴趣可以加入AndroidE族E家QQ群 222894364
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