jdbc小结_5(反射及元数据)

1.利用反射及Jdbc元数据编写通用的查询方法

public class JDBCTest {	

@Test
	public void testResultSetMetaData() {
		Connection connection = null;
		PreparedStatement preparedStatement = null;
		ResultSet resultSet = null;

		try {
			String sql = "SELECT flow_id flowId, type, id_card idCard, "
					+ "exam_card examCard, student_name studentName, "
					+ "location, grade " + "FROM examstudent WHERE flow_id = ?";
			
			connection = JDBCTools.getConnection();
			preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement(sql);
			preparedStatement.setInt(1, 5);
			
			resultSet = preparedStatement.executeQuery();

			Map<String, Object> values = 
					new HashMap<String, Object>();
			
			//1. 得到 ResultSetMetaData 对象
			ResultSetMetaData rsmd = resultSet.getMetaData();
			
			while(resultSet.next()){
				//2. 打印每一列的列名
				for(int i = 0; i < rsmd.getColumnCount(); i++){
					String columnLabel = rsmd.getColumnLabel(i + 1);
					Object columnValue = resultSet.getObject(columnLabel);
					
					values.put(columnLabel, columnValue);
				}
			}
			
//			System.out.println(values); 

			Class clazz = Student.class;
			
			Object object = clazz.newInstance();
			for(Map.Entry<String, Object> entry: values.entrySet()){
				String fieldName = entry.getKey();
				Object fieldValue = entry.getValue();
				
//				System.out.println(fieldName + ": " + fieldValue);
				
				ReflectionUtils.setFieldValue(object, fieldName, fieldValue);
			}
			
			System.out.println(object); 
			
			
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} finally {
			JDBCTools.releaseDB(resultSet, preparedStatement, connection);
		}
	}

	@Test
	public void testGet() {
		String sql = "SELECT id, name, email, birth "
				+ "FROM customers WHERE id = ?";
//		System.out.println(sql);

		Customer customer = get(Customer.class, sql, 5);
		System.out.println(customer);

		sql = "SELECT flow_id flowId, type, id_card idCard, "
				+ "exam_card examCard, student_name studentName, "
				+ "location, grade " + "FROM examstudent WHERE flow_id = ?";
//		System.out.println(sql);

		Student stu = get(Student.class, sql, 5);
		System.out.println(stu);
	}

	/**
	 * 通用的查询方法：可以根据传入的 SQL、Class 对象返回 SQL 对应的记录的对象
	 * @param clazz: 描述对象的类型
	 * @param sql: SQL 语句。可能带占位符
	 * @param args: 填充占位符的可变参数。
	 * @return
	 */
	public <T> T get(Class<T> clazz, String sql, Object... args) {
		T entity = null;

		Connection connection = null;
		PreparedStatement preparedStatement = null;
		ResultSet resultSet = null;

		try {
			//1. 得到 ResultSet 对象
			connection = JDBCTools.getConnection();
			preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement(sql);
			for (int i = 0; i < args.length; i++) {
				preparedStatement.setObject(i + 1, args[i]);
			}
			resultSet = preparedStatement.executeQuery();

			//2. 得到 ResultSetMetaData 对象
			ResultSetMetaData rsmd = resultSet.getMetaData();
			
			//3. 创建一个 Map<String, Object> 对象, 键: SQL 查询的列的别名, 
			//值: 列的值
			Map<String, Object> values = new HashMap<>();
			
			//4. 处理结果集. 利用 ResultSetMetaData 填充 3 对应的 Map 对象
			if(resultSet.next()){
				for(int i = 0; i < rsmd.getColumnCount(); i++){
					String columnLabel = rsmd.getColumnLabel(i + 1);
					Object columnValue = resultSet.getObject(i + 1);
					
					values.put(columnLabel, columnValue);
				}
			}
			
			//5. 若 Map 不为空集, 利用反射创建 clazz 对应的对象
			if(values.size() > 0){
				entity = clazz.newInstance();
				
				//5. 遍历 Map 对象, 利用反射为 Class 对象的对应的属性赋值. 
				for(Map.Entry<String, Object> entry: values.entrySet()){
					String fieldName = entry.getKey();
					Object value = entry.getValue();
					ReflectionUtils.setFieldValue(entity, fieldName, value);
				}
			}
			

		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} finally {
			JDBCTools.releaseDB(resultSet, preparedStatement, connection);
		}

		return entity;
	}

	public Customer getCustomer(String sql, Object... args) {
		Customer customer = null;

		Connection connection = null;
		PreparedStatement preparedStatement = null;
		ResultSet resultSet = null;

		try {
			connection = JDBCTools.getConnection();
			preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement(sql);
			for (int i = 0; i < args.length; i++) {
				preparedStatement.setObject(i + 1, args[i]);
			}
			resultSet = preparedStatement.executeQuery();

			if (resultSet.next()) {
				// stu = new Student();
				// stu.setFlowId(resultSet.getInt(1));
				// stu.setType(resultSet.getInt(2));
				// stu.setIdCard(resultSet.getString(3));

				customer = new Customer();
				customer.setId(resultSet.getInt(1));
				customer.setName(resultSet.getString(2));
				customer.setEmail(resultSet.getString(3));
				customer.setBirth(resultSet.getDate(4));
			}

		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} finally {
			JDBCTools.releaseDB(resultSet, preparedStatement, connection);
		}

		return customer;
	}

}

///Customer 类

import java.sql.Date;

public class Customer {

	private int id;
	private String name;
	private String email;
	private Date birth;

	public int getId() {
		return id;
	}

	public void setId(int id) {
		this.id = id;
	}

	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}

	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}

	public String getEmail() {
		return email;
	}

	public void setEmail(String email) {
		this.email = email;
	}

	public Date getBirth() {
		return birth;
	}

	public void setBirth(Date birth) {
		this.birth = birth;
	}

	public Customer(int id, String name, String email, Date birth) {
		super();
		this.id = id;
		this.name = name;
		this.email = email;
		this.birth = birth;
	}

	public Customer() {
		// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
	}

	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Customer [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", email=" + email
				+ ", birth=" + birth + "]";
	}

}





/
ReflectionUtils 
///import java.lang.reflect.Field;import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;import java.lang.reflect.Method;import java.lang.reflect.Modifier;import java.lang.reflect.ParameterizedType;import java.lang.reflect.Type;/**
 * 反射的 Utils 函数集合 * 提供访问私有变量, 获取泛型类型 Class, 提取集合中元素属性等 Utils 函数 * @author Administrator * */public class ReflectionUtils {/** * 通过反射, 获得定义 Class 时声明的父类的泛型参数的类型 * 如: public EmployeeDao extends BaseDao<Employee, String> * @param clazz * @param index * @return
 */@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")public static Class getSuperClassGenricType(Class clazz, int index){Type genType = clazz.getGenericSuperclass();if(!(genType instanceof ParameterizedType)){return Object.class;}Type [] params = ((ParameterizedType)genType).getActualTypeArguments();if(index
 >= params.length || index < 0){return Object.class;}if(!(params[index] instanceof Class)){return Object.class;}return (Class) params[index];}/** * 通过反射, 获得 Class 定义中声明的父类的泛型参数类型 * 如: public EmployeeDao extends BaseDao<Employee, String> * @param <T> * @param
 clazz * @return */@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")public static<T> Class<T> getSuperGenericType(Class clazz){return getSuperClassGenricType(clazz, 0);}/** * 循环向上转型, 获取对象的 DeclaredMethod * @param object * @param methodName * @param parameterTypes * @return */public
 static Method getDeclaredMethod(Object object, String methodName, Class<?>[] parameterTypes){for(Class<?> superClass = object.getClass(); superClass != Object.class; superClass = superClass.getSuperclass()){try {//superClass.getMethod(methodName, parameterTypes);return
 superClass.getDeclaredMethod(methodName, parameterTypes);} catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {//Method 不在当前类定义, 继续向上转型}//..}return null;}/** * 使 filed 变为可访问 * @param field */public static void makeAccessible(Field field){if(!Modifier.isPublic(field.getModifiers())){field.setAccessible(true);}}/**
 * 循环向上转型, 获取对象的 DeclaredField * @param object * @param filedName * @return */public static Field getDeclaredField(Object object, String filedName){for(Class<?> superClass = object.getClass(); superClass != Object.class; superClass = superClass.getSuperclass()){try
 {return superClass.getDeclaredField(filedName);} catch (NoSuchFieldException e) {//Field 不在当前类定义, 继续向上转型}}return null;}/** * 直接调用对象方法, 而忽略修饰符(private, protected) * @param object * @param methodName * @param parameterTypes * @param parameters * @return * @throws
 InvocationTargetException * @throws IllegalArgumentException */public static Object invokeMethod(Object object, String methodName, Class<?> [] parameterTypes,Object [] parameters) throws InvocationTargetException{Method method = getDeclaredMethod(object, methodName,
 parameterTypes);if(method == null){throw new IllegalArgumentException("Could not find method [" + methodName + "] on target [" + object + "]");}method.setAccessible(true);try {return method.invoke(object, parameters);} catch(IllegalAccessException e) {System.out.println("不可能抛出的异常");}
 return null;}/** * 直接设置对象属性值, 忽略 private/protected 修饰符, 也不经过 setter * @param object * @param fieldName * @param value */public static void setFieldValue(Object object, String fieldName, Object value){Field field = getDeclaredField(object, fieldName);if (field
 == null)throw new IllegalArgumentException("Could not find field [" + fieldName + "] on target [" + object + "]");makeAccessible(field);try {field.set(object, value);} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {System.out.println("不可能抛出的异常");}}/** * 直接读取对象的属性值, 忽略
 private/protected 修饰符, 也不经过 getter * @param object * @param fieldName * @return */public static Object getFieldValue(Object object, String fieldName){Field field = getDeclaredField(object, fieldName);if (field == null)throw new IllegalArgumentException("Could
 not find field [" + fieldName + "] on target [" + object + "]");makeAccessible(field);Object result = null;try {result = field.get(object);} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {System.out.println("不可能抛出的异常");}return result;}}

///
JDBCTools 
//import java.io.IOException;import java.io.InputStream;import java.sql.Connection;import java.sql.DriverManager;import java.sql.PreparedStatement;import java.sql.ResultSet;import java.sql.SQLException;import
 java.sql.Statement;import java.util.Properties;public class JDBCTools {/** * 执行 SQL 语句, 使用 PreparedStatement * @param sql * @param args: 填写 SQL 占位符的可变参数 */public static void update(String sql, Object ... args){Connection connection = null;PreparedStatement
 preparedStatement = null;try {connection = JDBCTools.getConnection();preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement(sql);for(int i = 0; i < args.length; i++){preparedStatement.setObject(i + 1, args[i]);}preparedStatement.executeUpdate();} catch (Exception
 e) {e.printStackTrace();} finally{JDBCTools.releaseDB(null, preparedStatement, connection);}}/** * 执行 SQL 的方法 * * @param sql: insert, update 或 delete。 而不包含 select */public static void update(String sql) {Connection connection = null;Statement statement = null;try
 {// 1. 获取数据库连接connection = getConnection();// 2. 调用 Connection 对象的 createStatement() 方法获取 Statement 对象statement = connection.createStatement();// 4. 发送 SQL 语句: 调用 Statement 对象的 executeUpdate(sql) 方法statement.executeUpdate(sql);} catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();}
 finally {// 5. 关闭数据库资源: 由里向外关闭.releaseDB(null, statement, connection);}}/** * 释放数据库资源的方法 * * @param resultSet * @param statement * @param connection */public static void releaseDB(ResultSet resultSet, Statement statement,Connection connection) {if (resultSet
 != null) {try {resultSet.close();} catch (SQLException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}if (statement != null) {try {statement.close();} catch (SQLException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}if (connection != null) {try {connection.close();} catch (SQLException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}}/**
 * 获取数据库连接的方法 */public static Connection getConnection() throws IOException,ClassNotFoundException, SQLException {// 0. 读取 jdbc.properties/** * 1). 属性文件对应 Java 中的 Properties 类 2). 可以使用类加载器加载 bin 目录(类路径下)的文件 */Properties properties = new Properties();InputStream
 inStream = ReviewTest.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("jdbc.properties");properties.load(inStream);// 1. 准备获取连接的 4 个字符串: user, password, jdbcUrl, driverClassString user = properties.getProperty("user");String password = properties.getProperty("password");String
 jdbcUrl = properties.getProperty("jdbcUrl");String driverClass = properties.getProperty("driverClass");// 2. 加载驱动: Class.forName(driverClass)Class.forName(driverClass);// 3. 调用// DriverManager.getConnection(jdbcUrl, user, password)// 获取数据库连接Connection connection
 = DriverManager.getConnection(jdbcUrl, user,password);return connection;}}