Android gradle 生成安装包小结

最近在折腾gradle ，网上看了许多资料，也看了官方的资料，小结一下，以备不时之需。

1、构造编译变量 

Build Type + Product Flavor = Build Variant

通过设置 buildtype （默认 release 和debug ） 和  product flavor 实现混合apk生成。

例如  ：

This project would consist of two build types ( debug  and  release ) and two  dimensions  of product flavors, one for app type (demo or full) and one for CPU/ABI (x86, ARM, or MIPS).

build 后生成的文件如下：

• x86-demoDebug
• x86-demoRelease
• x86-fullDebug
• x86-fullRelease
• arm-demoDebug
• arm-demoRelease
• arm-fullDebug
• arm-fullRelease
• mips-demoDebug
• mips-demoRelease
• mips-fullDebug
• mips-fullRelease

2、资源覆盖优先级

gradle 会合并相同文件名字的资源，覆盖优先级：  libraries/dependencies -> main src -> productFlavor -> buildType. 

英文：

The build system also merges all the manifests into a single manifest, so each build variant can define different components or permissions in the final manifest. The manifest merge priority from lowest to highest is libraries/dependencies -> main src -> productFlavor -> buildType.

The build system merges all the resources from the all the source directories. If different folders contain resources with the same name for a build variant, the priority order is the following: build type resources override those from the product flavor, which override the resources in the main source directory, which override those in any libraries.

3、路径表示

   build.gradle 文件中，表示路径“：” 相当于“/”

4、环境配置 安装Gradle

Install Gradle

Now that you have a project that you can build with Gradle, you can install Gradle.

1. Download Gradle 2.3 from the Gradle Downloads page.

Only the binaries are required, so look for the link to gradle-2.3-bin.zip. Alternatively, you can choose gradle-2.3-all.zip to download the sources and documentation as well as the binaries.

2. Unzip the archive and place it in a location of your choosing. For example, on Linux or Mac, you may want to place it in the root of your user directory. See the Installing Gradle page for additional details.

3. Configure the GRADLE_HOME environment variable based on the location where you installed Gradle.

Mac/Linux

export GRADLE_HOME=/<installation location>/gradle-2.3
export PATH=${PATH}:$GRADLE_HOME/bin

Windows

set GRADLE_HOME=C:\<installation location>\gradle-2.3
set PATH=%PATH%;%GRADLE_HOME%\bin

4. Test the Gradle installation with following command:

$ gradle

If the installation is correct, you see a welcome message:

:help

Welcome to Gradle 2.3.

To run a build, run gradle <task> ...

To see a list of available tasks, run gradle tasks

To see a list of command-line options, run gradle --help

To see more detail about a task, run gradle help --task <task>

BUILD SUCCESSFUL

Total time: 1.435 secs

You now have Gradle installed.

参考资料：

Android官方资料： 

https://developer.android.com/tools/building/plugin-for-gradle.html

其他资料：

http://blog.csdn.net/wangjia55/article/details/15336821

http://tools.android.com/tech-docs/new-build-system/user-guide