1.2.3 使用cdev_add注册字符设备
在Linux 2.6内核中的字符设备用cdev结构来描述,其定义如下:
下面一组函数用来对cdev结构进行操作:
- struct cdev
- {
- struct kobject kobj;
- struct module *owner; //所属模块
- const struct file_operations *ops; //文件操作结构
- struct list_head list;
- dev_t dev; //设备号,int 类型,高12位为主设备号,低20位为次设备号
- unsigned int count;
- };
- struct cdev *cdev_alloc(void);//分配一个cdev
- void cdev_init(struct cdev *, const struct file_operations *);//初始化cdev的file_operation
- void cdev_put(struct cdev *p);// //减少使用计数
- //注册设备,通常发生在驱动模块的加载函数中
- int cdev_add(struct cdev *, dev_t, unsigned);
- //注销设备,通常发生在驱动模块的卸载函数中
- void cdev_del(struct cdev *);
使用cdev_add注册字符设备前应该先调用register_chrdev_region或alloc_chrdev_region分配设备号。register_chrdev_region函数用于指定设备号的情况,alloc_chrdev_region函数用于动态申请设备号,系统自动返回没有占用的设备号。
alloc_chrdev_region申请一个动态主设备号,并申请一系列次设备号。baseminor为起始次设备号,count为次设备号的数量。注销设备号(cdev_del)后使用unregister_chrdev_region:
- int register_chrdev_region(dev_t from, unsigned count, const char *name) ;
- int alloc_chrdev_region(dev_t *dev,unsigned baseminor,unsigned count,const char *name);
- void unregister_chrdev_region(dev_t from,unsigned count) ;
例1.4 cdev_add注册字符设备实例
代码见光盘\src\1drivermodel\1-4cdev。核心代码如下所示:
本例的应用层代码与运行结果同上例。
- struct file_operations simple_fops = {
- .owner = THIS_MODULE,
- .read = simple_read,
- .write = simple_write,
- .open = simple_open,
- .release = simple_release,
- };
- /*******************************************************
- MODULE ROUTINE
- *******************************************************/
- void simple_cleanup_module(void)
- {
- dev_t devno = MKDEV(simple_MAJOR, simple_MINOR);
- if (simple_devices)
- {
- cdev_del(&simple_devices->cdev);
- kfree(simple_devices);
- }
- unregister_chrdev_region(devno,1);
- }
- //模块初始化
- int simple_init_module(void)
- {
- int result;
- dev_t dev = 0;
- dev = MKDEV(simple_MAJOR, simple_MINOR);
- result = register_chrdev_region(dev, 1, "DEMO");//申请设备号
- if (result < 0)
- {
- printk(KERN_WARNING "DEMO: can't get major %d\n", simple_MAJOR);
- return result;
- }
- simple_devices = kmalloc(sizeof(struct simple_dev), GFP_KERNEL);
- if (!simple_devices)
- {
- result = -ENOMEM;
- goto fail;
- }
- memset(simple_devices, 0, sizeof(struct simple_dev));
- //初始化设备结构
- cdev_init(&simple_devices->cdev, &simple_fops);
- simple_devices->cdev.owner = THIS_MODULE;
- simple_devices->cdev.ops = &simple_fops;
- result = cdev_add (&simple_devices->cdev, dev, 1);//添加字符设备
- if(result)
- {
- printk(KERN_NOTICE "Error %d adding DEMO\n", result);
- goto fail;
- }
- return 0;
- fail:
- simple_cleanup_module();
- return result;
- }
- module_init(simple_init_module);
- module_exit(simple_cleanup_module);