Spring中的依赖注入

最新推荐文章于 2021-10-10 23:29:38 发布

可白

最新推荐文章于 2021-10-10 23:29:38 发布

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分类专栏： Spring Spring专栏

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Spring中依赖注入的方式有两种：使用setter方法注入和使用构造器注入

第一种：set方法和构造器 -- 基本属性的注入

set注入是一种直接方式，缺点是它假设了所有的可变属性都可以通过set方法访问到。例如有些属性在创建时设置一次，以后不再改变。

首先创建一个类，类名为PersonServiceBean.java，代码为：

[java] view plain copy print ?

package cn.csdn.hr.service;
import java.util.Date;
publicclass PersonServiceBean {
//封装属性
private String name;
private String sex;
private Integer age;
private Date birth;
public PersonServiceBean() {
super();
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
}
public PersonServiceBean(String name, String sex, Integer age, Date birth) {
super();
this.name = name;
this.sex = sex;
this.age = age;
this.birth = birth;
}
//setter方法来依赖注入
publicvoid setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
publicvoid setSex(String sex) {
this.sex = sex;
}
publicvoid setAge(Integer age) {
this.age = age;
}
publicvoid setBirth(Date birth) {
this.birth = birth;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return"PersonServiceBean [name=" + name + ", sex=" + sex + ", age="
+ age + ", birth=" + birth + "]";
}
}

package cn.csdn.hr.service;

import java.util.Date;

publicclass PersonServiceBean {

     //封装属性

    private String name;

    private String sex;

    private Integer age;

    private Date birth;

    public PersonServiceBean() {

       super();

       // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub

    }

     public PersonServiceBean(String name, String sex, Integer age, Date birth) {

       super();

       this.name = name;

       this.sex = sex;

       this.age = age;

       this.birth = birth;

    }

    //setter方法来依赖注入

    publicvoid setName(String name) {

       this.name = name;

    }

    publicvoid setSex(String sex) {

       this.sex = sex;

    }

    publicvoid setAge(Integer age) {

       this.age = age;

    }

    publicvoid setBirth(Date birth) {

       this.birth = birth;

    }
    @Override

    public String toString() {

       return"PersonServiceBean [name=" + name + ", sex=" + sex + ", age="

              + age + ", birth=" + birth + "]";

    }

}

在xml中用set方法注入，xml的名字为beanset.xml：

[html] view plain copy print ?

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd">
<bean id="personServiceBean" class="cn.csdn.hr.service.PersonServiceBean">
<property name="name">
<value>laowang</value>
</property>
<property name="sex">
<value>女</value>
</property>
<property name="age">
<value>23</value>
</property>
<property name="birth" ref="date">
</property>
</bean>
<bean id="date" class="java.util.Date">
<property name="year">
<value>2011</value>
</property>
<property name="month">
<value>11</value>
</property>
<property name="date">
<value>1</value>
</property>
</bean>
</beans>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"

    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans

           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd">

    <bean id="personServiceBean" class="cn.csdn.hr.service.PersonServiceBean">

       <!-- 依赖注入的方式 -->

       <!--方式1 ：通过set注入 -->

       <property name="name">

           <value>laowang</value>

       </property>

       <property name="sex">

           <value>女</value>

       </property>

       <property name="age">

           <value>23</value>

       </property>

       <!-- 出生日期 ref引用 -->

       <property name="birth" ref="date">

           <!-- 内部bean -->

           <!-- <bean class="java.util.Date"></bean> -->

       </property>

    </bean>

    

    <!-- 日期bean的声明  set注入 -->

    <bean id="date" class="java.util.Date">

       <property name="year">

           <value>2011</value>

       </property>

       <property name="month">

           <value>11</value>

       </property>

       <property name="date">

           <value>1</value>

       </property>

    </bean>

</beans>

用构造器的方法注入：

[html] view plain copy print ?

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd">
<bean id="personServiceBean1" class="cn.csdn.hr.service.PersonServiceBean">
<constructor-arg index="0">
<value>老王</value>
</constructor-arg>
<constructor-arg>
<value>女</value>
</constructor-arg>
<constructor-arg>
<value>23</value>
</constructor-arg>
<constructor-arg>
<bean class="java.util.Date" />
</constructor-arg>
</bean>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"

    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans

           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd">

    <!-- 构造器注入必须按顺序写，如果不按顺序写，按索引，从0开始，这样顺序可以换,属性必须全写，不全都写不对 -->

    <bean id="personServiceBean1" class="cn.csdn.hr.service.PersonServiceBean">

       <constructor-arg index="0">

           <value>老王</value>

       </constructor-arg>

       <constructor-arg>

           <value>女</value>

       </constructor-arg>

       <constructor-arg>

           <value>23</value>

       </constructor-arg>

       <constructor-arg>

           <!-- 内部bean，只在里面使用 -->

           <bean class="java.util.Date" />

       </constructor-arg>

    </bean>

或者是：

[html] view plain copy print ?

<bean id="personServiceBean" class="cn.csdn.hr.service.PersonServiceBean">
<constructor-arg type="java.lang.String" value="老王" />
<constructor-arg type="java.lang.String" value="男" />
<constructor-arg type="java.lang.Integer" value="23" />
<constructor-arg type="java.util.Date" ref="date" />
</bean>
<bean name="date" class="java.util.Date"></bean>
</beans>

 <bean id="personServiceBean" class="cn.csdn.hr.service.PersonServiceBean">

       <constructor-arg type="java.lang.String" value="老王" />

       <constructor-arg type="java.lang.String" value="男" />

       <constructor-arg type="java.lang.Integer" value="23" />

       <constructor-arg type="java.util.Date" ref="date" />

    </bean>

    <bean name="date" class="java.util.Date"></bean>

</beans>

测试的方法为：

[java] view plain copy print ?

publicvoid test() {
//第一步:获取应用程序上下文对象
ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("classpath:beanset.xml");
//第二步：根据应用程序上下文对象的gettBean
PersonServiceBean personServiceBean = (PersonServiceBean) ac.getBean("personServiceBean");
System.out.println(personServiceBean.toString());
}
AN style="COLOR: black">

   publicvoid test() {

       //第一步:获取应用程序上下文对象

       ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("classpath:beanset.xml");

    

       //第二步：根据应用程序上下文对象的gettBean

       PersonServiceBean personServiceBean = (PersonServiceBean) ac.getBean("personServiceBean");

       System.out.println(personServiceBean.toString());

    }

注：setter方法的注入和构造方法的注入详细解说：

Setter方法的注入在xml中如果有没有注入的属性，则会默认为null，属性顺序的改变不会引起结果的改变。在这里，我们使用到了一个内部的bean，这个内部的bean只能供当前的属性使用，并且在setter中我们用的是ref，来引用已经创建好的内部bean。

构造方法的注入：在注入属性的时候属性的顺序在没有用index的情况下是不可以更改顺序的，更改会抛异常。如果向这样<constructor-argindex="0">，每一个标签后都加一个index，顺序的改变不会抛异常，而且index是从0开始的，从以上的代码中可以看出构造器的注入方式也可以指定类型

第二种：setter和构造器集合的注入

普通的注入

集合的注入的类名为TeacherServiceBean.java：

集合注入分为set、map、list和Properties

代码为：

[java] view plain copy print ?

package cn.csdn.hr.service;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Properties;
import java.util.Set;
public class TeacherServiceBean {
// 集合的注入
private List<String> list;
private Set<String> set;
private Map<String, String> map;
private Properties properties;
public TeacherServiceBean() {
super();
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
}
public TeacherServiceBean(List<String> list, Set<String> set,
Map<String, String> map, Properties properties) {
super();
this.list = list;
this.set = set;
this.map = map;
this.properties = properties;
}
public void setList(List<String> list) {
this.list = list;
}
public void setSet(Set<String> set) {
this.set = set;
}
public void setMap(Map<String, String> map) {
this.map = map;
}
// 用户测试
public List<String> getList() {
return list;
}
public Set<String> getSet() {
return set;
}
public Map<String, String> getMap() {
return map;
}
public Properties getProperties() {
return properties;
}
public void setProperties(Properties properties) {
this.properties = properties;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "TeacherServiceBean [list=" + list + ", set=" + set + ", map="
+ map + "]";
}
}

package cn.csdn.hr.service;

import java.util.List;

import java.util.Map;

import java.util.Properties;

import java.util.Set;

public class TeacherServiceBean {

    // 集合的注入

    private List<String> list;

    private Set<String> set;

    private Map<String, String> map;

    private Properties properties;

    public TeacherServiceBean() {

       super();

       // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub

    }

    public TeacherServiceBean(List<String> list, Set<String> set,

           Map<String, String> map, Properties properties) {

       super();

       this.list = list;

       this.set = set;

       this.map = map;

       this.properties = properties;

    }

    public void setList(List<String> list) {

       this.list = list;

    }

    public void setSet(Set<String> set) {

       this.set = set;

    }

    public void setMap(Map<String, String> map) {

       this.map = map;

    }

    // 用户测试

    public List<String> getList() {

       return list;

    }

    public Set<String> getSet() {

       return set;

    }

    public Map<String, String> getMap() {

       return map;

    }

    public Properties getProperties() {

       return properties;

    }

    public void setProperties(Properties properties) {

       this.properties = properties;

    }

    @Override

    public String toString() {

       return "TeacherServiceBean [list=" + list + ", set=" + set + ", map="

              + map + "]";

    }

}

在xml中的配置，名字为bean2.xml

[html] view plain copy print ?

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd">
<bean id="teacherServiceBean" class="cn.csdn.hr.service.TeacherServiceBean">
<property name="list">
<list>
<value>hp电脑1</value>
<value>hp电脑2</value>
<value>hp电脑3</value>
<value>hp电脑4</value>
<value>hp电脑5</value>
<value>hp电脑6</value>
</list>
</property>
<property name="set">
<set>
<value>计算机技术1</value>
<value>计算机技术2</value>
<value>计算机技术3</value>
<value>计算机技术4</value>
<value>计算机技术5</value>
</set>
</property>
<property name="map">
<map>
<entry>
<key>
<value>0001</value>
</key>
<value>java编程与开发1</value>
</entry>
<entry>
<key>
<value>0002</value>
</key>
<value>java编程与开发2</value>
</entry>
<entry>
<key>
<value>0003</value>
</key>
<value>java编程与开发3</value>
</entry>
</map>
</property>
<property name="properties">
<props>
<prop key="0x001">老王1</prop>
<prop key="0x002">老王2</prop>
<prop key="0x003">老王3</prop>
</props>
</property>
</bean>
</beans>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"

    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans

           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd">

    <!-- 集合的注入 -->

    <bean id="teacherServiceBean" class="cn.csdn.hr.service.TeacherServiceBean">

       <property name="list">

           <list>

              <value>hp电脑1</value>

              <value>hp电脑2</value>

              <value>hp电脑3</value>

              <value>hp电脑4</value>

              <value>hp电脑5</value>

              <value>hp电脑6</value>

           </list>

       </property> 

       <!-- set方式注入 -->

       <property name="set">

           <set>

              <value>计算机技术1</value>

              <value>计算机技术2</value>

              <value>计算机技术3</value>

              <value>计算机技术4</value>

              <value>计算机技术5</value>

           </set>

       </property>

        <!-- map集合的注入方式 -->

       <property name="map">

           <map>

              <entry>

                  <key>

                     <value>0001</value>

                  </key>

                  <value>java编程与开发1</value>

              </entry>

              <entry>

                  <key>

                     <value>0002</value>

                  </key>

                  <value>java编程与开发2</value>

              </entry>

              <entry>

                  <key>

                     <value>0003</value>

                  </key>

                  <value>java编程与开发3</value>

              </entry>

           </map>

       </property>

       <!-- prop集合的配置 -->

       <property name="properties">

           <props>

              <prop key="0x001">老王1</prop>

              <prop key="0x002">老王2</prop>

              <prop key="0x003">老王3</prop>

           </props>

       </property>

    </bean>

</beans>

获取写为构造器的注入方式：

[html] view plain copy print ?

<bean id="teacherServiceBean1" class="cn.csdn.hr.service.TeacherServiceBean">
<constructor-arg>
<list>
<value>hp电脑1</value>
<value>hp电脑2</value>
<value>hp电脑3</value>
<value>hp电脑4</value>
<value>hp电脑5</value>
<value>hp电脑6</value>
</list>
</constructor-arg>
<constructor-arg>
<set>
<value>计算机技术1</value>
<value>计算机技术2</value>
<value>计算机技术3</value>
<value>计算机技术4</value>
<value>计算机技术5</value>
</set>
</constructor-arg>
<constructor-arg>
<map>
<entry>
<key>
<value>0001</value>
</key>
<value>java编程与开发1</value>
</entry>
<entry>
<key>
<value>0002</value>
</key>
<value>java编程与开发2</value>
</entry>
<entry>
<key>
<value>0003</value>
</key>
<value>java编程与开发3</value>
</entry>
</map>
</constructor-arg>
<constructor-arg>
<props>
<prop key="0x001">老王1</prop>
<prop key="0x002">老王2</prop>
<prop key="0x003">老王3</prop>
</props>
</constructor-arg>
</bean>

<!-- 利用构造器的注入方式 -->

    <bean id="teacherServiceBean1" class="cn.csdn.hr.service.TeacherServiceBean">

       <constructor-arg>

           <list>

              <value>hp电脑1</value>

              <value>hp电脑2</value>

              <value>hp电脑3</value>

              <value>hp电脑4</value>

              <value>hp电脑5</value>

              <value>hp电脑6</value>

           </list>

       </constructor-arg>

       <constructor-arg>

           <set>

              <value>计算机技术1</value>

              <value>计算机技术2</value>

              <value>计算机技术3</value>

              <value>计算机技术4</value>

              <value>计算机技术5</value>

           </set>

       </constructor-arg>

       <constructor-arg>

           <map>

              <entry>

                  <key>

                     <value>0001</value>

                  </key>

                  <value>java编程与开发1</value>

              </entry>

              <entry>

                  <key>

                     <value>0002</value>

                  </key>

                  <value>java编程与开发2</value>

              </entry>

              <entry>

                  <key>

                     <value>0003</value>

                  </key>

                  <value>java编程与开发3</value>

              </entry>

           </map>

       </constructor-arg>

       <constructor-arg>

           <props>

              <prop key="0x001">老王1</prop>

              <prop key="0x002">老王2</prop>

              <prop key="0x003">老王3</prop>

           </props>

       </constructor-arg>

    </bean>

测试的方法为：

[java] view plain copy print ?

publicvoid teacharTest(){
ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("bean2.xml");
TeacherServiceBean teacherServiceBean = (TeacherServiceBean) ac.getBean("teacherServiceBean1");
//list集合的注入方式
List<String> list = teacherServiceBean.getList();
for(String str:list){
System.out.println(str.toString());
}
//set集合的注入方式
Set<String> set = teacherServiceBean.getSet();
for(String str:set){
System.out.println(str.toString());
}
//map集合的注入方式
Map<String, String> map = teacherServiceBean.getMap();
Set<Entry<String,String>> mset = map.entrySet();
for(Entry str:mset){
System.out.println(str.toString());
}
//prop集合
Properties properties = teacherServiceBean.getProperties();
Set<Entry<Object, Object>> pset = properties.entrySet();
for(Entry str:pset){
System.out.println(str.toString());
}
}

    publicvoid teacharTest(){

       ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("bean2.xml");

       TeacherServiceBean teacherServiceBean = (TeacherServiceBean) ac.getBean("teacherServiceBean1");

       //list集合的注入方式

       List<String> list = teacherServiceBean.getList();

       for(String str:list){

           System.out.println(str.toString());

       }

       //set集合的注入方式

       Set<String> set = teacherServiceBean.getSet();

       for(String str:set){

           System.out.println(str.toString());

       }

       //map集合的注入方式

       Map<String, String> map = teacherServiceBean.getMap();

       Set<Entry<String,String>> mset = map.entrySet();

       for(Entry str:mset){

           System.out.println(str.toString());

       }

       //prop集合

       Properties properties = teacherServiceBean.getProperties();

       Set<Entry<Object, Object>> pset = properties.entrySet();

       for(Entry str:pset){

           System.out.println(str.toString());

       }

    }

使用spring-util来完成集合的注入

在用util注入之前要先导入需要的xsd文件，

先引入http://www.springframework.org/schema/util

然后引入

http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-2.5.xsd

最终的格式为：

<beansxmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"

xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd

http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-2.5.xsd">

</beans>

这样就可以使用util的工具了，使用的方法如下：

[html] view plain copy print ?

<bean id="teacherServiceBean" class="cn.csdn.hr.service.TeacherServiceBean">
<property name="list">
<util:list>
<value>java学习语言</value>
</util:list>
</property>
<property name="set">
<util:set>
<value>set集合的注入</value>
</util:set>
</property>
<property name="map">
<util:map>
<entry key="0x0001" value="map集合的注入">
</entry>
</util:map>
</property>
<property name="properties">
<util:properties>
<prop key="0xxx">00java</prop>
</util:properties>
</property>
</bean>

<bean id="teacherServiceBean" class="cn.csdn.hr.service.TeacherServiceBean">

    <!-- list集合的注入 -->

       <property name="list">

           <util:list>

              <value>java学习语言</value>

           </util:list>

       </property>

       <!-- set集合的注入 -->

       <property name="set">

           <util:set>

              <value>set集合的注入</value>

           </util:set>

       </property>

       <!-- map集合的注入 -->

       <property name="map">

           <util:map>

              <entry key="0x0001" value="map集合的注入">

              </entry>

           </util:map>

       </property>

       <!-- properties的注入 -->

       <property name="properties">

           <util:properties>

              <prop key="0xxx">00java</prop>

           </util:properties>

       </property>

    </bean>

空值的注入，只要在属性里写：

[html] view plain copy print ?

<property name="birth">
<null/>
</property>

<property name="birth">

       <null/>

</property>

就可以了

注：我们可以看出，构造器的注入只需把set的注入的property标签改为<constructor-arg>标签就可以了

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