2x−y =0
2
x
−
y
=
0
−x+2y−z=−1
−
x
+
2
y
−
z
=
−
1
−3y+4z=4
−
3
y
+
4
z
=
4
行理解
A=
⎡⎣⎢2−10−12−30−14⎤⎦⎥
[
2
−
1
0
−
1
2
−
1
0
−
3
4
]
b=
⎡⎣⎢0−14⎤⎦⎥
[
0
−
1
4
]
三个平面不平行就能相交于一点,做出图像,python代码如下
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
x = np.arange(-3,3)
X,Y = np.meshgrid(x,x)
z1 = np.arange(-3,3)
z1 = np.meshgrid(z1,z1)[0] # 2x - y + 0z = 0
z2 = lambda x,y: -x + 2*y + 1 # -x + 2y - z = -1
z3 = lambda x,y: 0*X + (3/4)*y +1 # 0x - 3y + 4z = 4
fig = plt.figure()
ax = Axes3D(fig)
ax.set_xlabel("x"); ax.set_ylabel("y"); ax.set_zlabel("z")
surf = ax.plot_surface(X, Y, z1, color="C1", linewidth=0, shade=False, alpha = 0.5)
surf = ax.plot_surface(X, Y, z2(X,Y), color="C2", linewidth=0, shade=False, alpha = 0.5)
surf = ax.plot_surface(X, Y, z3(X,Y), color="C3", linewidth=0, shade=False, alpha = 0.5)
plt.show()
列理解
x
⎡⎣⎢2−10⎤⎦⎥
[
2
−
1
0
]
+y
⎡⎣⎢−123⎤⎦⎥
[
−
1
2
3
]
+z
⎡⎣⎢0−14⎤⎦⎥
[
0
−
1
4
]
=
⎡⎣⎢0−14⎤⎦⎥
[
0
−
1
4
]
import matplotlib as mpl
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
fig = plt.figure()
ax = Axes3D(fig)
ax.set_xlabel("x"); ax.set_ylabel("y"); ax.set_zlabel("z")
z11 = [0,2]
z12 = [0,-1]
z13 = [0,0]
z21 = [0,-1]
z22 = [0,2]
z23 = [0,3]
z31 = [0,0]
z32 = [0,-1]
z33 = [0,4]
ax.plot(z11, z12, z13)
ax.plot(z21, z22, z23)
ax.plot(z31, z32, z33)
plt.show()
以上的矩阵是
a non-singular matrix(非奇异矩阵).an invertible matrix(可逆矩阵).三个向量可以表示三维空间所有的点
singular matrix(奇异矩阵),a not invertible matrix(不可逆矩阵)当两个向量在一个平面的时候,有一个向量没有做任何贡献(另外两个向量和以表示这个向量)就成了一个奇异矩阵.三个向量值能表示三维空间的一个二维平面.不是任何b都有解
Ax=b
A
x
=
b
multiply a matrix(A) by a vector(x)
1.columns,a column at a time.
as a linear combnination of a column
把方程组看成是向量的组合.(最好用这个方法理解)
2.rows,dot product