早期的版本中,字符串拼接是会在常量区创建对象的,比如如下代码
String str1 = "tom";
String str2 = "cat";
String str5 = str1 + str2;
第三行是会在常量区创建一个String对象tomcat的,所以不少编程规范都会说不要直接用加号去拼接字符串,因为老是去常量区创建对象的话,开销也不小,而且常量区总共就那么大
在JDK1.5之后,编译时jvm会自动将+号替换为StringBuilder的append方法,参考同样代码,javap -v class文件之后可以看到
#20 = Class #21 // java/lang/StringBuilder
#21 = Utf8 java/lang/StringBuilder
#22 = Methodref #23.#25 // java/lang/String.valueOf:(Ljava/lan
g/Object;)Ljava/lang/String;
#23 = Class #24 // java/lang/String
#24 = Utf8 java/lang/String
#25 = NameAndType #26:#27 // valueOf:(Ljava/lang/Object;)Ljava/l
ang/String;
#26 = Utf8 valueOf
#27 = Utf8 (Ljava/lang/Object;)Ljava/lang/String;
#28 = Methodref #20.#29 // java/lang/StringBuilder."<init>":(L
java/lang/String;)V
#29 = NameAndType #5:#30 // "<init>":(Ljava/lang/String;)V
#30 = Utf8 (Ljava/lang/String;)V
#31 = Methodref #20.#32 // java/lang/StringBuilder.append:(Lja
va/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;
#32 = NameAndType #33:#34 // append:(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/la
ng/StringBuilder;
#33 = Utf8 append
#34 = Utf8 (Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;
#35 = Methodref #20.#36 // java/lang/StringBuilder.toString:()
Ljava/lang/String;
#36 = NameAndType #37:#38 // toString:()Ljava/lang/String;
那既然自动转成StringBuilder了,是不是什么情况下都可以直接用+号拼接呢?参考如下代码
String result = "";
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
{
result += i;
}
编译后会生成,会不断在循环里new StringBuilder局部对象,再不断的回收,这也是很大的开销。
所以结论就是,平时一行里,直接+号拼接,好看还不慢;如果要用循环,就在外面new个对象,然后循环里append好。