VC中字符处理

[cpp]  view plain copy

1. /*TCHAR; 
2. LPTSTR; 
3. LPCTSTR;*/  
4.   
5. TCHAR szBuf1[100]={0};  
6. TCHAR szBuf2[100]={0};  
7.   
8. //获得字符串长度  
9. //SIZE_T nLen=strlen(szBuf1);  
10. SIZE_T nLen=_tcslen(szBuf1);    //如果在UNICODE下,"中国"此函数返回2,所以如果要得到其字节数,要*sizeof(TCHAR)  
11.   
12. //拼接字符串  
13. //strcat(szBuf1,szBuf2);  
14. _tcscat_s(szBuf1,szBuf2);  
15.   
16. //拼接n个字符串  
17. //strcat(szBuf1,szBuf2,10);  
18. _tcsncat_s(szBuf1,szBuf2,10);  
19.   
20. //获得输入  
21. //gets(szBuf1);  
22. _getts_s(szBuf1);  
23.   
24. //数字转换为字符  
25. int n=100;  
26. //itoa(n,szBuf1,10);  
27. _itot_s(n,szBuf1,10);  
28.   
29. //字符转换为数字  
30. int a=_tstoi(szBuf1);  
31. double f=_tstof(szBuf1);  
32.   
33. //格式化字符串  
34. //sprintf(szBuf1,"%s%d","123",123);  
35. _stprintf_s(szBuf1,100,_T("%s%d"),_T("123"),123);  
36.   
37. //查找字符出现的位置  
38. //strchr(szBuf1,'A');  
39. _tcschr(szBuf1,'A');  
40.   
41. //比较两个字符串  
42. //strcmp(szBuf1,szBuf2);  
43. _tcscmp(szBuf1,szBuf2);  
44.   
45. //根据语言集比较字符串  
46. //strcoll(szBuf1,szBuf2);  
47. _tcscoll(szBuf1,szBuf2);  
48.   
49. //字符拷贝  
50. //strcpy(szBuf1,szBuf2);  
51. _tcscpy_s(szBuf1,szBuf2);  
52.   
53. //将时间格式化到字符串  
54. time_t tm;  
55. //ctime(&tm);  
56. _tctime_s(szBuf1,100,&tm);  
57.   
58. //打印字符串  
59. //printf("123");  
60. _tprintf_s(_T("123\r\n"));  
61.   
62. //通过参数列表格式化字符串  
63. //vsprintf(szBuf1,"%s%d",p);  
64. _vstprintf_s(szBuf1,100,_T("%s%d"),p);  
65.   
66. //查找字串,返回值为找到的字串的指针,如果找不到,则返回NULL  
67. //strstr(str1,strFind);  
68. _tcsstr(str1,strFind);  
69.   
70. //输出字符  
71. //printf("------------");  
72. _tprintf_s(_T("-------------\r\n"));  

UNICODE下写文件要在文件头写入0xFEFF,表示打开方式为UNICODE,这样不会产生乱码 

 

1:Unicode一般指UTF-16,占两个字节

2:UTF-8有些字符占1个字节,有些2个字节,有些3个字节,有些4个字节;UTF-32全都4个字节

3:char c='A';char szBuf[100]="string";

4:c/c++编译器定义了wchar_t类型,占2个字节wchar_t c=L'A';wchar_t szBuf[100]=L"string";

5:windows定义了//1字节typedef char    CHAR;typedef CHAR* PCHAR;typedef CHAR* PSTR;typedef CONST CHAR* PCSTR;//2字节typedef wchar_t WCHAR;typedef WCHAR* PWCHAR;typedef WCHAR* PWSTR;typedef CONST WCHAR* PCWSTR;

6:兼容字符处理字符TCHAR;指针PTCHAR,PTSTR;const指针PCTSTR;使用方式为:TCHAR c=TEXT('A');TCHAR szBuf[100]=TEXT("string");

7：Windows内部用Unicode,如果传入ANSI字符串,会进行一次转换,这回带来性能开销

8：API函数中,后缀W代表wide,也就是Unicode,后缀A代表ANSI

9:C运行库strlen对应wcslen,两者兼容版本是_tcslen

10:strcpy对应wcscpy,者兼容版本是_tcscpy

11安全字符串函数,在每个者兼容版本是后面加_s,如_tcscpy_s

[cpp]  view plain copy

1. #include "stdafx.h"  
2. #include "Windows.h"  
3. #include "StrSafe.h"  
4. #include "stdlib.h"  
5. int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])  
6. {  
7.     TCHAR szDes[3]=TEXT("");  
8.     TCHAR szRes[4]=TEXT("123");  
9.     _tcscpy_s(szDes,_countof(szDes),szRes);  
10.     return 0;  
11. }  

_s函数会返回S_OK表示调用成功,但在返回失败之前,如果调用错误,会弹出对话框

检查错误的时候,Debug版会显示错误对话框,Release版本会直接终止程序

可以添加一个函数定义产生错误的回调

调用函数_set_invalid_parameter_handler注册自定义函数,自定义函数原型参考InvalidParamenterHandler();

如果要禁止对话框的出现,在程序开头定义_CrtSetReportMode(_CRT_ASSERT,0);

 

 

void *memchr( const void *buffer, int ch, size_t count );
功能：函数在buffer指向的数组的count个字符的字符串里查找ch 首次出现的位置。返回一个指针，指向ch 在字符串中首次出现的位置, 如果ch 没有在字符串中找到，返回NULL。

int memcmp( const void *buffer1, const void *buffer2, size_t count );
功能：函数比较buffer1 和 buffer2的前count 个字符。

void *memcpy( void *to, const void *from, size_t count );
功能：函数从from中复制count 个字符到to中，并返回to指针。 如果to 和 from 重叠，则函数行为不确定。

 http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/tsbaswba(VS.80).aspx

兼容版本	SBCS(单字节)	MBCS(单字节和多字节)	_UNICODE
_cgetts	_cgets	_cgets	_cgetws
_cgetts_s	_cgets_s	_cgets_s	_cgetws_s
_cputts	_cputs	_cputs	_cputws
_fgettc	fgetc	fgetc	fgetwc
_fgettchar	_fgetchar	_fgetchar	_fgetwchar
_fgetts	fgets	fgets	fgetws
_fputtc	fputc	fputc	fputwc
_fputtchar	_fputchar	_fputchar	_fputwchar
_fputts	fputs	fputs	fputws
_ftprintf	fprintf	fprintf	fwprintf
_ftprintf_s	fprintf_s	fprintf_s	fwprintf_s
_ftscanf	fscanf	fscanf	fwscanf
_ftscanf_s	fscanf_s	fscanf_s	fwscanf_s
_gettc	getc	getc	getwc
_gettch	_getch	_getch	_getwch
_gettchar	getchar	getchar	getwchar
_gettche	_getche	_getche	_getwche
_getts	gets	gets	getws
_getts_s	gets_s	gets_s	getws_s
_istalnum	isalnum	_ismbcalnum	iswalnum
_istalpha	isalpha	_ismbcalpha	iswalpha
_istascii	isascii	isascii	iswascii
_istcntrl	iscntrl	iscntrl	iswcntrl
_istdigit	isdigit	_ismbcdigit	iswdigit
_istgraph	isgraph	_ismbcgraph	iswgraph
_istlead	Always returns false	_ismbblead	Always returns false
_istleadbyte	Always returns false	isleadbyte	Always returns false
_istlegal	Always returns true	_ismbclegal	Always returns true
_istlower	islower	_ismbclower	iswlower
_istprint	isprint	_ismbcprint	iswprint
_istpunct	ispunct	_ismbcpunct	iswpunct
_istspace	isspace	_ismbcspace	iswspace
_istupper	isupper	_ismbcupper	iswupper
_istxdigit	isxdigit	isxdigit	iswxdigit
_itot	_itoa	_itoa	_itow
_itot_s	_itoa_s	_itoa_s	_itow_s
_ltot	_ltoa	_ltoa	_ltow
_ltot_s	_ltoa_s	_ltoa_s	_ltow_s
_puttc	putc	putc	putwc
_puttch	_putch	_putch	_putwch
_puttchar	putchar	putchar	putwchar
_putts	puts	puts	_putws
_sctprintf	_scprintf	_scprintf	_scwprintf
_sntprintf	_snprintf	_snprintf	_snwprintf
_sntprintf_s	_snprintf_s	_snprintf_s	_snwprintf_s
_sntscanf	_snscanf	_snscanf	_snwscanf
_sntscanf_s	_snscanf_s	_snscanf_s	_snwscanf_s
_stprintf	sprintf	sprintf	swprintf
_stprintf_s	sprintf_s	sprintf_s	swprintf_s
_stscanf	sscanf	sscanf	swscanf
_stscanf_s	sscanf_s	sscanf_s	swscanf_s
_taccess	_access	_access	_waccess
_taccess_s	_access_s	_access_s	_waccess_s
_tasctime	asctime	asctime	_wasctime
_tasctime_s	asctime_s	asctime_s	_wasctime_s
_tccmp	Maps to macro or inline function	_mbsncmp	Maps to macro or inline function
_tccpy	Maps to macro or inline function	_mbccpy	Maps to macro or inline function
_tccpy_s	strcpy_s	_mbccpy_s	wcscpy_s
_tchdir	_chdir	_chdir	_wchdir
_tclen	Maps to macro or inline function	_mbclen	Maps to macro or inline function
_tchmod	_chmod	_chmod	_wchmod
_tcprintf	_cprintf	_cprintf	_cwprintf
_tcprintf_s	_cprintf_s	_cprintf_s	_cwprintf_s
_tcreat	_creat	_creat	_wcreat
_tcscanf	_cscanf	_cscanf	_cwscanf
_tcscanf_s	_cscanf_s	_cscanf_s	_cwscanf_s
_tcscat	strcat	_mbscat	wcscat
_tcscat_s	strcat_s	_mbscat_s	wcscat_s
_tcschr	strchr	_mbschr	wcschr
_tcsclen	strlen	_mbslen	wcslen
_tcsclen_s	strlen_s	_mbslen_s	wcslen_s
_tcscmp	strcmp	_mbscmp	wcscmp
_tcscoll	strcoll	_mbscoll	wcscoll
_tcscpy	strcpy	_mbscpy	wcscpy
_tcscpy_s	strcpy_s	_mbscpy_s	wcscpy_s
_tcscspn	strcspn	_mbscspn	wcscspn
_tcsdec	_strdec	_mbsdec	_wcsdec
_tcsdup	_strdup	_mbsdup	_wcsdup
_tcserror	strerror	strerror	_wcserror
_tcserror_s	strerror_s	strerror_s	_wcserror_s
_tcsftime	strftime	strftime	wcsftime
_tcsicmp	_stricmp	_mbsicmp	_wcsicmp
_tcsicoll	_stricoll	_mbsicoll	_wcsicoll
_tcsinc	_strinc	_mbsinc	_wcsinc
_tcslen	strlen	strlen	wcslen
_tcslen_s	strlen_s	strlen_s	wcslen_s
_tcslwr	_strlwr	_mbslwr	_wcslwr
_tcslwr_s	_strlwr_s	_mbslwr_s	_wcslwr_s
_tcsnbcnt	_strncnt	_mbsnbcnt	_wcsncnt
_tcsncat	strncat	_mbsnbcat	wcsncat
_tcsncat_s	strncat_s	_mbsnbcat_s	wcsncat_s
_tcsnccat	strncat	_mbsncat	wcsncat
_tcsnccmp	strncmp	_mbsncmp	wcsncmp
_tcsnccmp_s	strncmp_s	_mbsncmp_s	wcsncmp_s
_tcsnccoll	_strncoll	_mbsncoll	_wcsncoll
_tcsncmp	strncmp	_mbsnbcmp	wcsncmp
_tcsnccnt	_strncnt	_mbsnccnt	_wcsncnt
_tcsnccpy	strncpy	_mbsncpy	wcsncpy
_tcsnccpy_s	strncpy_s	_mbsncpy_s	wcsncpy_s
_tcsncicmp	_strnicmp	_mbsnicmp	_wcsnicmp
_tcsncicoll	_strnicoll	_mbsnicoll	_wcsnicoll
_tcsncpy	strncpy	_mbsnbcpy	wcsncpy
_tcsncpy_s	strncpy_s	_mbsnbcpy_s	wcsncpy_s
_tcsncset	_strnset	_mbsnset	_wcsnset
_tcsnextc	_strnextc	_mbsnextc	_wcsnextc
_tcsnicmp	_strnicmp	_mbsnbicmp	_wcsnicmp
_tcsnicoll	_strnicoll	_mbsnbicoll	_wcsnicoll
_tcsninc	_strninc	_mbsninc	_wcsninc
_tcsnccnt	_strncnt	_mbsnccnt	_wcsncnt
_tcsnset	_strnset	_mbsnbset	_wcsnset
_tcspbrk	strpbrk	_mbspbrk	wcspbrk
_tcsspnp	_strspnp	_mbsspnp	_wcsspnp
_tcsrchr	strrchr	_mbsrchr	wcsrchr
_tcsrev	_strrev	_mbsrev	_wcsrev
_tcsset	_strset	_mbsset	_wcsset
_tcsspn	strspn	_mbsspn	wcsspn
_tcsstr	strstr	_mbsstr	wcsstr
_tcstod	strtod	strtod	wcstod
_tcstoi64	_strtoi64	_strtoi64	_wcstoi64
_tcstok	strtok	_mbstok	wcstok
_tcstok_s	strtok_s	_mbstok_s	wcstok_s
_tcstol	strtol	strtol	wcstol
_tcstoui64	_strtoui64	_strtoui64	_wcstoui64
_tcstoul	strtoul	strtoul	wcstoul
_tcsupr	_strupr	_mbsupr	_wcsupr
_tcsupr_s	_strupr_s	_mbsupr_s	_wcsupr_s
_tcsxfrm	strxfrm	strxfrm	wcsxfrm
_tctime	ctime	ctime	_wctime
_tctime_s	ctime_s	ctime_s	_wctime_s
_tctime32	_ctime32	_ctime32	_wctime32
_tctime32_s	_ctime32_s	_ctime32_s	_wctime32_s
_tctime64	_ctime64	_ctime64	_wctime64
_tctime64_s	_ctime64_s	_ctime64_s	_wctime64_s
_texecl	_execl	_execl	_wexecl
_texecle	_execle	_execle	_wexecle
_texeclp	_execlp	_execlp	_wexeclp
_texeclpe	_execlpe	_execlpe	_wexeclpe
_texecv	_execv	_execv	_wexecv
_texecve	_execve	_execve	_wexecve
_texecvp	_execvp	_execvp	_wexecvp
_texecvpe	_execvpe	_execvpe	_wexecvpe
_tfdopen	_fdopen	_fdopen	_wfdopen
_tfindfirst	_findfirst	_findfirst	_wfindfirst
_tfindnext	_findnext	_findnext	_wfindnext
_tfindnext32	_findnext32	_findnext32	_wfindnext32
_tfindnext64	_findnext64	_findnext64	_wfindnext64
_tfindnexti64	_findnexti64	_findnexti64	_wfindnexti64
_tfindnexti6432	_findnexti6432	_findnexti6432	_wfindnexti6432
_tfindnext32i64	_findnext32i64	_findnext32i64	_wfindnext32i64
_tfopen	fopen	fopen	_wfopen
_tfopen_s	fopen_s	fopen_s	_wfopen_s
_tfreopen	freopen	freopen	_wfreopen
_tfreopen_s	freopen_s	freopen_s	_wfreopen_s
_tfsopen	_fsopen	_fsopen	_wfsopen
_tfullpath	_fullpath	_fullpath	_wfullpath
_tgetcwd	_getcwd	_getcwd	_wgetcwd
_tgetdcwd	_getdcwd	_getdcwd	_wgetdcwd
_tgetenv	getenv	getenv	_wgetenv
_tgetenv_s	getenv_s	getenv_s	_wgetenv_s
_tmain	main	main	wmain
_tmakepath	_makepath	_makepath	_wmakepath
_tmakepath_s	_makepath_s	_makepath_s	_wmakepath_s
_tmkdir	_mkdir	_mkdir	_wmkdir
_tmktemp	_mktemp	_mktemp	_wmktemp
_tmktemp_s	_mktemp_s	_mktemp_s	_wmktemp_s
_topen	_open	_open	_wopen
_topen_s	_open_s	_open_s	_wopen_s
_totlower	tolower	_mbctolower	towlower
_totupper	toupper	_mbctoupper	towupper
_tperror	perror	perror	_wperror
_tpopen	_popen	_popen	_wpopen
_tprintf	printf	printf	wprintf
_tprintf_s	printf_s	printf_s	wprintf_s
_tputenv	_putenv	_putenv	_wputenv
_tputenv_s	_putenv_s	_putenv_s	_wputenv_s
_tremove	remove	remove	_wremove
_trename	rename	rename	_wrename
_trmdir	_rmdir	_rmdir	_wrmdir
_tsearchenv	_searchenv	_searchenv	_wsearchenv
_tsearchenv_s	_searchenv_s	_searchenv_s	_wsearchenv_s
_tscanf	scanf	scanf	wscanf
_tscanf_s	scanf_s	scanf_s	wscanf_s
_tsetlocale	setlocale	setlocale	_wsetlocale
_tsopen	_sopen	_sopen	_wsopen
_tsopen_s	_sopen_s	_sopen_s	_wsopen_s
_tspawnl	_spawnl	_spawnl	_wspawnl
_tspawnle	_spawnle	_spawnle	_wspawnle
_tspawnlp	_spawnlp	_spawnlp	_wspawnlp
_tspawnlpe	_spawnlpe	_spawnlpe	_wspawnlpe
_tspawnv	_spawnv	_spawnv	_wspawnv
_tspawnve	_spawnve	_spawnve	_wspawnve
_tspawnvp	_spawnvp	_spawnvp	_wspawnvp
_tspawnvpe	_spawnvpe	_spawnvpe	_wspawnvpe
_tsplitpath	_splitpath	_splitpath	_wsplitpath
_tstat	_stat	_stat	_wstat
_tstat32	_stat32	_stat32	_wstat32
_tstati32	_stati32	_stati32	_wstati32
_tstat64	_stat64	_stat64	_wstat64
_tstati64	_stati64	_stati64	_wstati64
_tstof	atof	atof	_wtof
_tstoi	atoi	atoi	_wtoi
_tstoi64	_atoi64	_atoi64	_wtoi64
_tstol	atol	atol	_wtol
_tstrdate	_strdate	_strdate	_wstrdate
_tstrdate_s	_strdate_s	_strdate_s	_wstrdate_s
_tstrtime	_strtime	_strtime	_wstrtime
_tstrtime_s	_strtime_s	_strtime_s	_wstrtime_s
_tsystem	system	system	_wsystem
_ttempnam	_tempnam	_tempnam	_wtempnam
_ttmpnam	tmpnam	tmpnam	_wtmpnam
_ttmpnam_s	tmpnam_s	tmpnam_s	_wtmpnam_s
_ttoi	atoi	atoi	_wtoi
_ttoi64	_atoi64	_atoi64	_wtoi64
_ttol	atol	atol	_wtol
_tunlink	_unlink	_unlink	_wunlink
_tutime	_utime	_utime	_wutime
_tutime32	_utime32	_utime32	_wutime32
_tutime64	_utime64	_utime64	_wutime64
_tWinMain	WinMain	WinMain	wWinMain
_ui64tot	_ui64toa	_ui64toa	_ui64tow
_ui64tot_s	_ui64toa_s	_ui64toa_s	_ui64tow_s
_ultot	_ultoa	_ultoa	_ultow
_ultot_s	_ultoa_s	_ultoa_s	_ultow_s
_ungettc	ungetc	ungetc	ungetwc
_ungettch	_ungetch	_ungetch	_ungetwch
_vftprintf	vfprintf	vfprintf	vfwprintf
_vftprintf_s	vfprintf_s	vfprintf_s	vfwprintf_S
_vsctprintf	_vscprintf	_vscprintf	_vscwprintf
_vsctprintf_s	_vscprintf_s	_vscprintf_s	_vscwprintf_S
_vsntprintf	_vsnprintf	_vsnprintf	_vsnwprintf
_vsntprintf_s	_vsnprintf_s	_vsnprintf_s	_vsnwprintf_s
_vstprintf	vsprintf	vsprintf	vswprintf
_vstprintf_s	vsprintf_s	vsprintf_s	vswprintf_s
_vtprintf	vprintf	vprintf	vwprintf
_vtprintf_s	vprintf_s	vprintf_s	vwprintf_s

转自：

http://blog.csdn.net/mxzy55560593/article/details/6645987