前面的例子我们都是使用XML的bean定义来配置组件。在一个稍大的项目中,通常会有上百个组件,如果这些这组件采用xml的bean定义来配置,显然会增加配置文件的体积,查找及维护起来也不太方便。
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
@Service用于标注业务层组件、 @Controller用于标注控制层组件(如struts中的action)、@Repository用于标注数据访问组件,即DAO组件。而@Component泛指组件,当组件不好归类的时候,我们可以使用这个注解进行标注。
< ?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
< beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd">
<context:component-scan base-package="cn.itm"/>
spring2.5为我们引入了组件自动扫描机制,他可以在类路径底下寻找标注了@Component、@Service、@Controller、@Repository注解的类,并把这些类纳入进spring容器中管理。它的作用和在xml文件中使用bean节点配置组件是一样的。要使用自动扫描机制,我们需要打开以下配置信息:
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd">
</beans>
@Service用于标注业务层组件、 @Controller用于标注控制层组件(如struts中的action)、@Repository用于标注数据访问组件,即DAO组件。而@Component泛指组件,当组件不好归类的时候,我们可以使用这个注解进行标注。
- package cn.itm.dao.impl;
- import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
- import cn.itm.dao.PersonDao;
- @Repository // 要交给Spring管理了哈。
- public class PersonDaoBean implements PersonDao {
- public void add(){
- System.out.println("执行PersonDaoBean的add方法。。。");
- }
- }
- package cn.itm.service.impl;
- import javax.annotation.PostConstruct;
- import javax.annotation.PreDestroy;
- import org.springframework.context.annotation.Scope;
- import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
- import cn.itm.dao.PersonDao;
- import cn.itm.service.PersonService;
- @Service("personService")
- public class PersonServiceBean implements PersonService{
- private PersonDao personDao;
- public void setPersonDao(PersonDao personDao) {
- this.personDao = personDao;
- }
- @PostConstruct
- public void init(){
- System.out.println("初始化----bean");
- }
- @PreDestroy
- public void destory(){
- System.out.println("关闭资源");
- }
- public void save(){
- personDao.add();
- }
- }
< ?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
< beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd">
<context:component-scan base-package="cn.itm"/>
</beans>
- public class SpringTest {
- @BeforeClass
- public static void setUpBeforeClass() throws Exception {
- }
- // 专门用来实例化 Spring 容器的。
- @Test public void instanceSpring(){
- ApplicationContext ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml");
- PersonService personService = (PersonService) ctx.getBean("personService");
- /*PersonDao personDao = (PersonDao) ctx.getBean("personDaoBean");
- System.out.println("personService=" + personService);
- System.out.println("personDao=" + personDao);*/
- ((AbstractApplicationContext) ctx).close();
- }
- }