c++操作符重载

#include<iostream.h>

using namespace std;

// declare but not define
class test_operator;
ostream& operator<<( ostream &out, const test_operator &t );
test_operator operator+( const test_operator &left, const test_operator &right );

// definition
class test_operator
{
private:
    int a;
    int b;

    friend ostream& operator<<( ostream &out, const test_operator &t );
    friend test_operator operator+( const test_operator &left, const test_operator &right );

public:
    ~test_operator()
    {
        cout << "in default destructor" << endl;
    }
    test_operator() : a( 0 ), b( 0 )
    {
        cout << "in default constructor" << endl;
    }
    test_operator( const int x, const int y ) : a( x ), b( y )
    {
        cout << "in default constructor with params" << endl;
    }
    test_operator( const test_operator &ori ) : a( ori.a ), b( ori.b )
    {
        cout << "in copy constructor" << endl;
    }

    test_operator& operator=( const test_operator &right );
    test_operator& operator+=( const test_operator &right );
    test_operator& operator++();
    test_operator& operator--();
    test_operator operator++( int );
    test_operator operator--( int );
};

ostream& operator<<( ostream &out, const test_operator &t )
{
    out << "a=" << t.a << "; b=" << t.b;

    return out;
}

test_operator operator+( const test_operator &left, const test_operator &right )
{
    cout << "in operator +" << endl;

    test_operator ret( left );
    ret += right;

    return ret;  // return by value
}

test_operator& test_operator::operator=( const test_operator & right )
{
    cout << "in operator =" << endl;

    a = right.a;
    b = right.b;

    return *this;
}

test_operator& test_operator::operator+=( const test_operator & right )
{
    cout << "in operator +=" << endl;

    a += right.a;
    b += right.b;

    return *this;
}

test_operator& test_operator::operator++()
{
    cout << "in operator prefix ++" << endl;

    a += 1;
    b += 1;

    return *this;
}

test_operator& test_operator::operator--()
{
    cout << "in operator prefix --" << endl;

    a -= 1;
    b -= 1;

    return *this;
}

test_operator test_operator::operator++( int )
{
    cout << "in operator postfix ++" << endl;

    test_operator ret( *this );
    ++( *this );

    return ret;  // return by value
}

test_operator test_operator::operator--( int )
{
    cout << "in operator postfix --" << endl;

    test_operator ret( *this );
    --( *this );

    return ret;  // return by value
}

class GT_cls
{
public:
    GT_cls( int val = 0 ) : bound( val ) {}
    bool operator() ( const string &s )
    {
        return s.size() >= bound;
    }

private:
    int bound;
};



// main function
int main( int argc, char ** argv )
{
    test_operator test1;
    test_operator test2( 1, 2 );
    test_operator test3 = test1;
    test_operator test4;

    test4 = test2;

    cout << "1 test1 = " << test1 << endl;
    cout << "1 test2 = " << test2 << endl;
    cout << "1 test3 = " << test3 << endl;
    cout << "1 test4 = " << test4 << endl;

    test1 = test3 + test4;
    cout << "2 test1 = " << test1 << endl;
    cout << "2 test3 = " << test3 << endl;

    cout << "3 --test1 = " << --test1 << endl;
    cout << "3 ++test3 = " << ++test3 << endl;

    cout << "4 test1-- = " << test1-- << endl;
    cout << "4 test3++ = " << test3++ << endl;

    cout << "5 test1 = " << test1 << endl;
    cout << "5 test3 = " << test3 << endl;

    cout << "test3 + test4 = " << test3 + test4 << endl;

    GT_cls gt_obj( 5 );
    string test_str1 = "abcd";
    string test_str2 = "abcdef";
    cout << "result1 = " << gt_obj( test_str1 ) << "; result2 = " << gt_obj( test_str2 ) << endl;

    return 0;
}

 

说明：

这个类是一个简单的测试操作符的重载的类，利用操作符重载，我们可以很简化一些类的操作，更能避免一些不必要的错误。

 

操作符可以是类的成员，也可以是类的友元，但一般取舍原理：

如果使用该操作符，会更改类本身的状态的，建议定义为成员函数；其它建议定义为友元函数；

综上，建议=、+=、++、--等定义为成员函数，<<、+等可以定义为友元函数。

 

特别注意：

1、io相关的操作符一般都定义为如上所示的二元操作符，返回值和第一个参数是流对象的引用，这样比较符合标准库的使用习惯，也能更好的形成调用链；

2、自增++、自减--操作符，前置不需要形参，后置需要一个无用的形参以示区别。    

     后置时，需要保存类当前的状态，然后对类的状态进行更改，所以我们在使用预置类型的时候，没有特别必要，也都应使用前置的自增++、自减--操作符。