8. String to Integer (atoi)

String to Integer (atoi)

主要考虑有哪些的输入情况，并进行分析
空白
空格
符号位
溢出
Integer.MAX_VALUE=0x7FFFFFFF
Integer.MIN_VALUE=0X8000000

public class Solution {
    public int myAtoi(String str) {
      int index = 0, sign = 1, total = 0;
    //1. Empty string
    if(str.length() == 0) return 0;

    //2. Remove Spaces
    while(str.charAt(index) == ' ' && index < str.length())
        index ++;

    //3. Handle signs正负
    if(str.charAt(index) == '+' || str.charAt(index) == '-'){
        sign = str.charAt(index) == '+' ? 1 : -1;
        index ++;
    }

    //4. Convert number and avoid overflow
    while(index < str.length()){
        int digit = str.charAt(index) - '0';
        if(digit < 0 || digit > 9) break;

        //check if total will be overflow after 10 times and add digit
        if(Integer.MAX_VALUE/10 < total || Integer.MAX_VALUE/10 == total && Integer.MAX_VALUE %10 < digit)
            return sign == 1 ? Integer.MAX_VALUE : Integer.MIN_VALUE;  //如果不加这一句，则输入为"2147483648"时则输出-2147483648，应输出为2147483648；
        total = 10 * total + digit;
        index ++;
    }
    return total * sign;  
    }
}