kaptcha验证码组件使用简介

Kaptcha是一个基于SimpleCaptcha的验证码开源项目。

官网地址：http://code.google.com/p/kaptcha/

kaptcha的使用比较方便，只需添加jar包依赖之后简单地配置就可以使用了。kaptcha所有配置都可以通过web.xml来完成，如果你的项目中使用了Spring MVC，那么则有另外的一种方式来实现

一、简单的jsp-servlet项目

1.添加jar包依赖

如果你使用maven来统一管理jar包，则在工程的pom.xml中添加dependency

如果是非maven管理的项目，则直接在官网下载kaptcha的jar包，然后添加到项目lib库中，下载地址：http://code.google.com/p/kaptcha/downloads/list

2.配置web.xml

上面说了，kaptcha都是在web.xml中配置，我们必须在web.xml中配置kaptcha的servlet，具体如下：

具体的配置参数参见：http://code.google.com/p/kaptcha/wiki/ConfigParameters

3.页面调用

4.在submit的action方法中进行验证码校验

5.实现页面验证码刷新

二、Spring mvc项目中使用kaptcha

1.添加captchaProducer bean定义

<!-- 配置kaptcha验证码 -->  
<bean id="captchaProducer" class="com.google.code.kaptcha.impl.DefaultKaptcha">  
    <property name="config">  
        <bean class="com.google.code.kaptcha.util.Config">  
            <constructor-arg type="java.util.Properties">  
                <props>  
                    <prop key="kaptcha.image.width">100</prop>  
                    <prop key="kaptcha.image.height">50</prop>  
                    <prop key="kaptcha.noise.impl">com.google.code.kaptcha.impl.NoNoise</prop>  
                    <prop key="kaptcha.textproducer.char.string">0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz</prop>  
                    <prop key="kaptcha.textproducer.char.length">4</prop>  
                </props>  
            </constructor-arg>  
        </bean>  
    </property>  
</bean>  

2.生成验证码的Controller

import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;  
  
import javax.imageio.ImageIO;  
import javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream;  
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;  
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;  
  
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;  
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;  
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;  
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;  
  
import com.google.code.kaptcha.Constants;  
import com.google.code.kaptcha.Producer;  
  
 
@Controller  
public class CaptchaImageCreateController {  
    private Producer captchaProducer = null;  
  
    @Autowired  
    public void setCaptchaProducer(Producer captchaProducer){  
        this.captchaProducer = captchaProducer;  
    }  
  
    @RequestMapping("/kaptcha.jpg")  
    public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception{  
        // Set to expire far in the past.  
        response.setDateHeader("Expires", 0);  
        // Set standard HTTP/1.1 no-cache headers.  
        response.setHeader("Cache-Control", "no-store, no-cache, must-revalidate");  
        // Set IE extended HTTP/1.1 no-cache headers (use addHeader).  
        response.addHeader("Cache-Control", "post-check=0, pre-check=0");  
        // Set standard HTTP/1.0 no-cache header.  
        response.setHeader("Pragma", "no-cache");  
  
        // return a jpeg  
        response.setContentType("image/jpeg");  
  
        // create the text for the image  
        String capText = captchaProducer.createText();  
  
        // store the text in the session  
        request.getSession().setAttribute(Constants.KAPTCHA_SESSION_KEY, capText);  
  
        // create the image with the text  
        BufferedImage bi = captchaProducer.createImage(capText);  
  
        ServletOutputStream out = response.getOutputStream();  
  
        // write the data out  
        ImageIO.write(bi, "jpg", out);  
        try {  
            out.flush();  
        } finally {  
            out.close();  
        }  
        return null;  
    }  
}  

3.校验用户输入的Controller

@Controller  
@RequestMapping("/login")  
public class LoginController {  
    @RequestMapping(value = "check", method = RequestMethod.POST)  
    @ResponseBody  
    public String loginCheck(HttpServletRequest request,  
            @RequestParam(value = "username", required = true) String username,  
            @RequestParam(value = "password", required = true) String password,  
            @RequestParam(value = "kaptcha", required = true) String kaptchaReceived){  
        //用户输入的验证码的值  
        String kaptchaExpected = (String) request.getSession().getAttribute(  
                com.google.code.kaptcha.Constants.KAPTCHA_SESSION_KEY);  
        //校验验证码是否正确  
        if (kaptchaReceived == null || !kaptchaReceived.equals(kaptchaExpected)) {  
            return "kaptcha_error";//返回验证码错误  
        }  
        //校验用户名密码  
        // ……  
        // ……  
        return "success"; //校验通过返回成功  
    }  
}