阿里云Centos7使用yum安装MySQL5.6的正确姿势

前言：由于某些不可抗力，我要在自己的阿里云服务器上搭建hadoop+hive+mysql+tomcat环境，下为mysql的安装记录

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→_→大家都知道，centos自带的repo是不会自动更新每个软件的最新版本，所以无法通过yum方式安装MySQL的高级版本。所以，即使我使劲用yum -y install mysql mysql-server mysql-devel，也是没有人会鸟我的。 
所以，正确的安装mysql5姿势是要先安装带有可用的mysql5系列社区版资源的rpm包

[root@iZ28gvqe4biZ ~]# rpm -Uvh http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql-community-release-el7-5.noarch.rpm
获取http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql-community-release-el7-5.noarch.rpm
准备中...                          ################################# [100%]
正在升级/安装...
   1:mysql-community-release-el7-5    ################################# [100%]

这个时候查看当前可用的mysql安装资源：

[root@iZ28gvqe4biZ ~]# yum repolist enabled | grep "mysql.*-community.*"
mysql-connectors-community/x86_64 MySQL Connectors Community                  17
mysql-tools-community/x86_64      MySQL Tools Community                       31
mysql56-community/x86_64          MySQL 5.6 Community Server                 199

一般来说，只要安装mysql-server跟mysql-client 
这个时候我们可以直接使用yum的方式安装MySQL了

[root@iZ28gvqe4biZ ~]# yum -y install mysql-community-server
已加载插件：langpacks
正在解决依赖关系
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 mysql-community-server.x86_64.0.5.6.28-2.el7 将被 安装
--> 正在处理依赖关系 mysql-community-common(x86-64) = 5.6.28-2.el7，它被软件包 mysql-community-server-5.6.28-2.el7.x86_64 需要
--> 正在处理依赖关系 mysql-community-client(x86-64) = 5.6.28-2.el7，它被软件包 mysql-community-server-5.6.28-2.el7.x86_64 需要
--> 正在处理依赖关系 perl(DBI)，它被软件包 mysql-community-server-5.6.28-2.el7.x86_64 需要
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 mysql-community-client.x86_64.0.5.6.28-2.el7 将被 安装
--> 正在处理依赖关系 mysql-community-libs(x86-64) = 5.6.28-2.el7，它被软件包 mysql-community-client-5.6.28-2.el7.x86_64 需要
---> 软件包 mysql-community-common.x86_64.0.5.6.28-2.el7 将被 安装
---> 软件包 perl-DBI.x86_64.0.1.627-4.el7 将被 安装
--> 正在处理依赖关系 perl(RPC::PlServer) >= 0.2001，它被软件包 perl-DBI-1.627-4.el7.x86_64 需要
--> 正在处理依赖关系 perl(RPC::PlClient) >= 0.2000，它被软件包 perl-DBI-1.627-4.el7.x86_64 需要
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 mariadb-libs.x86_64.1.5.5.40-1.el7_0 将被 取代
---> 软件包 mysql-community-libs.x86_64.0.5.6.28-2.el7 将被 舍弃
---> 软件包 perl-PlRPC.noarch.0.0.2020-14.el7 将被 安装
--> 正在处理依赖关系 perl(Net::Daemon) >= 0.13，它被软件包 perl-PlRPC-0.2020-14.el7.noarch 需要
--> 正在处理依赖关系 perl(Net::Daemon::Test)，它被软件包 perl-PlRPC-0.2020-14.el7.noarch 需要
--> 正在处理依赖关系 perl(Net::Daemon::Log)，它被软件包 perl-PlRPC-0.2020-14.el7.noarch 需要
--> 正在处理依赖关系 perl(Compress::Zlib)，它被软件包 perl-PlRPC-0.2020-14.el7.noarch 需要
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 perl-IO-Compress.noarch.0.2.061-2.el7 将被 安装
--> 正在处理依赖关系 perl(Compress::Raw::Zlib) >= 2.061，它被软件包 perl-IO-Compress-2.061-2.el7.noarch 需要
--> 正在处理依赖关系 perl(Compress::Raw::Bzip2) >= 2.061，它被软件包 perl-IO-Compress-2.061-2.el7.noarch 需要
---> 软件包 perl-Net-Daemon.noarch.0.0.48-5.el7 将被 安装
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 perl-Compress-Raw-Bzip2.x86_64.0.2.061-3.el7 将被 安装
---> 软件包 perl-Compress-Raw-Zlib.x86_64.1.2.061-4.el7 将被 安装
--> 解决依赖关系完成

依赖关系解决

==============================================================================================
 Package                       架构         版本                源                       大小
==============================================================================================
正在安装:
 mysql-community-libs          x86_64       5.6.28-2.el7        mysql56-community       2.0 M
      替换  mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.40-1.el7_0
 mysql-community-server        x86_64       5.6.28-2.el7        mysql56-community        58 M
为依赖而安装:
 mysql-community-client        x86_64       5.6.28-2.el7        mysql56-community        19 M
 mysql-community-common        x86_64       5.6.28-2.el7        mysql56-community       256 k
 perl-Compress-Raw-Bzip2       x86_64       2.061-3.el7         base                     32 k
 perl-Compress-Raw-Zlib        x86_64       1:2.061-4.el7       base                     57 k
 perl-DBI                      x86_64       1.627-4.el7         base                    802 k
 perl-IO-Compress              noarch       2.061-2.el7         base                    260 k
 perl-Net-Daemon               noarch       0.48-5.el7          base                     51 k
 perl-PlRPC                    noarch       0.2020-14.el7       base                     36 k

事务概要
==============================================================================================
安装  2 软件包 (+8 依赖软件包)

总下载量：80 M
Downloading packages:
警告：/var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/mysql56-community/packages/mysql-community-common-5.6.28-2.el7.x86_64.rpm: 头V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, 密钥 ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
mysql-community-common-5.6.28-2.el7.x86_64.rpm 的公钥尚未安装
(1/10): mysql-community-common-5.6.28-2.el7.x86_64.rpm                 | 256 kB  00:00:14     
(2/10): mysql-community-libs-5.6.28-2.el7.x86_64.rpm                   | 2.0 MB  00:02:57     
(3/10): perl-Compress-Raw-Zlib-2.061-4.el7.x86_64.rpm                  |  57 kB  00:00:00     
(4/10): perl-Compress-Raw-Bzip2-2.061-3.el7.x86_64.rpm                 |  32 kB  00:00:00     
(5/10): perl-IO-Compress-2.061-2.el7.noarch.rpm                        | 260 kB  00:00:00     
(6/10): perl-Net-Daemon-0.48-5.el7.noarch.rpm                          |  51 kB  00:00:00     
(7/10): perl-PlRPC-0.2020-14.el7.noarch.rpm  
(8/10): perl-DBI-1.627-4.el7.x86_64.rpm                                | 802 kB  00:00:00     
(9/10): mysql-community-server-5.6.28-2.el7.x86_64.rpm                 |  58 MB  00:54:45     
(10/10): mysql-community-client-5.6.28-2.el7.x86_64.rpm                |  19 MB  00:20:42     
总计                                                           13 kB/s |  80 MB  01:45:50     
从 file:/etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql 检索密钥
导入 GPG key 0x5072E1F5:
 用户ID     : "MySQL Release Engineering <mysql-build@oss.oracle.com>"
 指纹       : a4a9 4068 76fc bd3c 4567 70c8 8c71 8d3b 5072 e1f5
 软件包     : mysql-community-release-el7-5.noarch (installed)
 来自       : file:/etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
警告：RPM 数据库已被非 yum 程序修改。
  正在安装    : mysql-community-common-5.6.28-2.el7.x86_64                               1/11 
  正在安装    : mysql-community-libs-5.6.28-2.el7.x86_64                                 2/11 
  正在安装    : mysql-community-client-5.6.28-2.el7.x86_64                               3/11 
  正在安装    : 1:perl-Compress-Raw-Zlib-2.061-4.el7.x86_64                              4/11 
  正在安装    : perl-Net-Daemon-0.48-5.el7.noarch                                        5/11 
  正在安装    : perl-Compress-Raw-Bzip2-2.061-3.el7.x86_64                               6/11 
  正在安装    : perl-IO-Compress-2.061-2.el7.noarch                                      7/11 
  正在安装    : perl-PlRPC-0.2020-14.el7.noarch                                          8/11 
  正在安装    : perl-DBI-1.627-4.el7.x86_64                                              9/11 
  正在安装    : mysql-community-server-5.6.28-2.el7.x86_64                              10/11 
  正在删除    : 1:mariadb-libs-5.5.40-1.el7_0.x86_64                                    11/11 
  验证中      : perl-Compress-Raw-Bzip2-2.061-3.el7.x86_64                               1/11 
  验证中      : perl-Net-Daemon-0.48-5.el7.noarch                                        2/11 
  验证中      : mysql-community-common-5.6.28-2.el7.x86_64                               3/11 
  验证中      : perl-IO-Compress-2.061-2.el7.noarch                                      4/11 
  验证中      : mysql-community-libs-5.6.28-2.el7.x86_64                                 5/11 
  验证中      : mysql-community-client-5.6.28-2.el7.x86_64                               6/11 
  验证中      : 1:perl-Compress-Raw-Zlib-2.061-4.el7.x86_64                              7/11 
  验证中      : perl-DBI-1.627-4.el7.x86_64                                              8/11 
  验证中      : mysql-community-server-5.6.28-2.el7.x86_64                               9/11 
  验证中      : perl-PlRPC-0.2020-14.el7.noarch                                         10/11 
  验证中      : 1:mariadb-libs-5.5.40-1.el7_0.x86_64                                    11/11 

已安装:
  mysql-community-libs.x86_64 0:5.6.28-2.el7   mysql-community-server.x86_64 0:5.6.28-2.el7  

作为依赖被安装:
  mysql-community-client.x86_64 0:5.6.28-2.el7  mysql-community-common.x86_64 0:5.6.28-2.el7 
  perl-Compress-Raw-Bzip2.x86_64 0:2.061-3.el7  perl-Compress-Raw-Zlib.x86_64 1:2.061-4.el7  
  perl-DBI.x86_64 0:1.627-4.el7                 perl-IO-Compress.noarch 0:2.061-2.el7        
  perl-Net-Daemon.noarch 0:0.48-5.el7           perl-PlRPC.noarch 0:0.2020-14.el7            

替代:
  mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.40-1.el7_0                                                        

完毕！

安装完的配置

加入开机启动

[root@iZ28gvqe4biZ ~]# systemctl enable mysqld

启动mysql服务进程

[root@iZ28gvqe4biZ ~]# systemctl start mysqld

重置密码

[root@iZ28gvqe4biZ ~]# mysql_secure_installation



NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MySQL
      SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE!  PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY!

In order to log into MySQL to secure it, we'll need the current
password for the root user.  If you've just installed MySQL, and
you haven't set the root password yet, the password will be blank,
so you should just press enter here.

Enter current password for root (enter for none): 
OK, successfully used password, moving on...

Setting the root password ensures that nobody can log into the MySQL
root user without the proper authorisation.

Set root password? [Y/n] y        [设置root用户密码]
New password: 
Re-enter new password: 
Password updated successfully!
Reloading privilege tables..
 ... Success!


By default, a MySQL installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone
to log into MySQL without having to have a user account created for
them.  This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation
go a bit smoother.  You should remove them before moving into a
production environment.

Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] y            [删除匿名用户]
 ... Success!

Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'.  This
ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network.

Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] n            [禁止root远程登录]
 ... skipping.

By default, MySQL comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can
access.  This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed
before moving into a production environment.

Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] y       [删除test数据库]
 - Dropping test database...
ERROR 1008 (HY000) at line 1: Can't drop database 'test'; database doesn't exist
 ... Failed!  Not critical, keep moving...
 - Removing privileges on test database...
 ... Success!

Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far
will take effect immediately.

Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] y        [刷新权限]
 ... Success!




All done!  If you've completed all of the above steps, your MySQL
installation should now be secure.

Thanks for using MySQL!


Cleaning up...

新建Hive知识库

//登录MYSQL（有ROOT权限）。这里我以ROOT身份登录
[root@iZ28gvqe4biZ ~]# mysql -u root -p
//首先为用户创建一个数据库hivemeta
mysql  > create database hivemeta;
mysql  > use hivemeta
//授权hdp用户拥有hivemeta数据库的所有权限。
mysql  > grant all privileges on *.* to hdp@"%" identified by "hdp" with grant option;
//刷新系统权限表
mysql  > flush privileges;
mysql  > use hivemeta;
//mysql/hive字符集问题
mysql  > alter database hivemeta character set latin1;
mysql如何设置密码
1.用root 进入mysql后
mysql>set password =password('你的密码');
mysql>flush privileges;
2.使用GRANT语句 
mysql>grant all on *.* to 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '你的密码'with grant option ;
mysql>flush privileges;
3.进入mysql库修改user表
mysql>use mysql;
mysql>update user set password=password('你的密码') where user='root'; 
mysql>flush privileges;