HTML5之Canvas绘图——使用Canvas绘制图形的基本教程
HTML5火的正热,最近有个想法也是要用到HTML的相关功能,所以也要好好学习一把。
好好看了一下Canvas的功能,感觉HTML5在客户端交互的功能性越来越强了,今天看了一下Canvas绘图,下边是几个实例,记下以备后用。
Canvas绘制一个加载的动画图片
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Canvas制作圆形进度条Loading效果 | jQuery特效|手机微信网站特效| 网页特效库</title>
<style>
/*框架预览 CSS*/
* { margin: 0; padding: 0; }
body { text-align: center; background-color: #ccc; }
.mkeHeadBox{ padding: 30px 10px; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; margin: 0; color: #fff; text-align: center; overflow: hidden; letter-spacing: 1px; font: 26px/26px "微软雅黑"; }
.mkeFooterBox{ padding: 25px 10px; text-overflow: ellipsis; margin: 0; color: #fff; font-size: 14px; line-height: 24px; text-align: center; overflow: hidden;}
.mkeContentBox:after{height:0; clear:both;}
.mkeFooterBox p,.mkeFooterBox div{padding:0; margin:0; line-height:26px; font-size:14px;}
.mkeFooterBox a{color:#fff; white-space:nowrap}
.mkeButton{background:#F36; display:inline-block; text-decoration:none; width:102px; border-radius:0.3em; transition:all 0.3s ease}
.mkeButton:hover{ background: #FF1550; }
.mkeURL{font-size:24px;}
.mkeFooterBox .mKeBannerAD{ width: 728px; height: 90px; margin: 18px auto 0; }
.mkeFooterBox .mSmallKeBannerAD{display:none;}
/*@media only screen and (max-width:900px){
.mkeButton {display:block; margin:8px auto 0;}
}
@media only screen and (max-width:767px){
.mkeHeadBox{font-size:18px; padding:15px 10px;}
.mkeFooterBox p,.mkeFooterBox div{ line-height:24px; font-size:12px;}
.mkeURL{font-size:22px;}
.mkeFooterBox .mKeBannerAD{display:none;}
.mkeFooterBox .mSmallKeBannerAD{width:300px; height:250px; margin:18px auto 0; display:block;}
}*/
/*End*/
</style>
</head>
<body class="mkeBody">
<div class="mkeHeadBox">Canvas制作圆形进度条Loading效果</div>
<div class="mkeContentBox">
<!--效果html开始-->
<canvas id="canvas" width="300" height="300" style="background:#FF1550;"></canvas>
<script>
window.onload = function(){
var canvas = document.getElementById('canvas'), //获取canvas元素
context = canvas.getContext('2d'), //获取画图环境,指明为2d
centerX = canvas.width/2, //Canvas中心点x轴坐标
centerY = canvas.height/2, //Canvas中心点y轴坐标
rad = Math.PI*2/100, //将360度分成100份,那么每一份就是rad度
speed = 0.1; //加载的快慢就靠它了
//绘制蓝色外圈
function blueCircle(n){
context.save();
context.strokeStyle = "#fff"; //设置描边样式
context.lineWidth = 5; //设置线宽
context.beginPath(); //路径开始
context.arc(centerX, centerY, 100 , -Math.PI/2, -Math.PI/2 +n*rad, false); //用于绘制圆弧context.arc(x坐标,y坐标,半径,起始角度,终止角度,顺时针/逆时针)
context.stroke(); //绘制
context.closePath(); //路径结束
context.restore();
}
//绘制白色外圈
function whiteCircle(){
context.save();
context.beginPath();
context.strokeStyle = "white";
context.arc(centerX, centerY, 100 , 0, Math.PI*2, false);
context.stroke();
context.closePath();
context.restore();
}
//百分比文字绘制
function text(n){
context.save(); //save和restore可以保证样式属性只运用于该段canvas元素
context.strokeStyle = "#fff"; //设置描边样式
context.font = "40px Arial"; //设置字体大小和字体
//绘制字体,并且指定位置
context.strokeText(n.toFixed(0)+"%", centerX-25, centerY+10);
context.stroke(); //执行绘制
context.restore();
}
//动画循环
(function drawFrame(){
window.requestAnimationFrame(drawFrame, canvas);
context.clearRect(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);
whiteCircle();
text(speed);
blueCircle(speed);
if(speed > 100) speed = 0;
speed += 0.1;
}());
}
</script>
<!--效果html结束-->
</div>
<div class="mkeFooterBox">
<p>此效果从由【科e整理/原创特效】。
</div>
</body>
</html>
1、使用Canvas绘制直线:
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
</head>
<style type="text/css">
canvas{border:dashed 2px #CCC}
</style>
<script type="text/javascript">
function $$(id){
return document.getElementById(id);
}
function pageLoad(){
var can = $$('can');
var cans = can.getContext('2d');
cans.moveTo(20,30);//第一个起点
cans.lineTo(120,90);//第二个点
cans.lineTo(220,60);//第三个点(以第二个点为起点)
cans.lineWidth=3;
cans.strokeStyle = 'red';
cans.stroke();
}
</script>
<body οnlοad="pageLoad();">
<canvas id="can" width="400px" height="300px">4</canvas>
</body>
</html>
这里用到的两个API方法,moveTo和lineTo分别是线段的起点和终点坐标,变量为(X坐标,Y坐标),strokeStyle、stroke分别路径绘制样式和绘制路径。
2、绘制渐变线条
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
</head>
<style type="text/css">
canvas{border:dashed 2px #CCC}
</style>
<script type="text/javascript">
function $$(id){
return document.getElementById(id);
}
function pageLoad(){
var can = $$('can');
var cans = can.getContext('2d');
cans.moveTo(0,0);
cans.lineTo(400,300);
var gnt1 = cans.createLinearGradient(0,0,400,300);//线性渐变的起止坐标
gnt1.addColorStop(0,'red');//创建渐变的开始颜色,0表示偏移量,个人理解为直线上的相对位置,最大为1,一个渐变中可以写任意个渐变颜色
gnt1.addColorStop(1,'yellow');
cans.lineWidth=3;
cans.strokeStyle = gnt1;
cans.stroke();
}
</script>
<body οnlοad="pageLoad();">
<canvas id="can" width="400px" height="300px">4</canvas>
</body>
</html>
3、填充一个圆形
圆形的用途很广,当然也包含了椭圆。
<!doctype html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
</head>
<style type="text/css">
canvas{border:dashed 2px #CCC}
</style>
<script type="text/javascript">
function $$(id){
return document.getElementById(id);
}
function pageLoad(){
var can = $$('can');
var cans = can.getContext('2d');
cans.beginPath();
cans.arc(200,150,100,0,Math.PI*2,true);
cans.closePath();
cans.fillStyle = 'green';//本来这里最初使用的是red,截图一看,傻眼了,怕上街被爱国者打啊,其实你懂的~~
cans.fill();
}
</script>
<body οnlοad="pageLoad();">
<canvas id="can" width="400px" height="300px">4</canvas>
</body>
</html>
4、圆形区块
<!doctype html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
</head>
<style type="text/css">
canvas{border:dashed 2px #CCC}
</style>
<script type="text/javascript">
function $$(id){
return document.getElementById(id);
}
function pageLoad(){
var can = $$('can');
var cans = can.getContext('2d');
cans.beginPath();
cans.arc(200,150,100,0,Math.PI*2,false);
cans.closePath();
cans.lineWidth = 5;
cans.strokeStyle = 'red';
cans.stroke();
}
</script>
<body οnlοad="pageLoad();">
<canvas id="can" width="400px" height="300px">4</canvas>
</body>
</html>
来源:http://www.cnblogs.com/picaso/archive/2012/11/26/2789077.html
感谢分享