java之对称加密算法

对称加密算法是以一种使用频率高的初等的加密算法,如你所想,之所以称之为加密算法,说明加密秘钥是相同,加密过程可逆,而前面介绍的base64加密,和消息摘要加密算法是不可逆的.一般的对称加密算法有DES,DES秘钥长度不够,易被破解,进而衍生除了3DES,在DES的基础上有出现了AES算法,还有PBE,IDEA等算法. 
DES(Data Encryption Standrad)数据加密标准

秘钥长度	默认	工作模式	填充方式	实现方
56	56	ECB|CBC|PCBC|CTR|CTS| CFB|CFB8|到128|OFB|OFB8到128	NoPadding|PKCS5Padding| ISO10126Padding	jdk
64	56	同上	PKCS7Padding|ISO10126d2Padding| X932Padding|ISO7816d4Padding| ZeroBytePadding	bc

代码实现

• jdk实现

• try {
              //生成kye
              KeyGenerator keyGenerator = KeyGenerator.getInstance("DES");
              keyGenerator.init(56);
              SecretKey secretKey = keyGenerator.generateKey();
              byte[] bytesKey = secretKey.getEncoded();
              //key转换
              KeySpec keySpec = new DESKeySpec(bytesKey);
              SecretKeyFactory factory = SecretKeyFactory.getInstance("DES");
              SecretKey convertSecretKey = factory.generateSecret(keySpec);
  
              //加密
              Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("DES/ECB/PKCS5Padding");
              cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, convertSecretKey);
              byte[] result = cipher.doFinal(str.getBytes());
              System.out.println("jdk des en:"+ Hex.toHexString(result));
  
              //解密
              cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, convertSecretKey);
              byte[] raw = cipher.doFinal(result);
              System.out.println("jdk des de:"+ new String(raw)); 
          } catch (Exception e) {
              // TODO Auto-generated catch block
              e.printStackTrace();
          }

• bc的实现

  try {
              Security.addProvider(new BouncyCastleProvider());
              //生成kye
              KeyGenerator keyGenerator = KeyGenerator.getInstance("DES","BC");
              keyGenerator.init(56);
              System.out.println(keyGenerator.getProvider());
              SecretKey secretKey = keyGenerator.generateKey();
              byte[] bytesKey = secretKey.getEncoded();
              //key转换
              KeySpec keySpec = new DESKeySpec(bytesKey);
              SecretKeyFactory factory = SecretKeyFactory.getInstance("DES");
              SecretKey convertSecretKey = factory.generateSecret(keySpec);
  
              //加密
              Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("DES/ECB/PKCS5Padding");
              cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, convertSecretKey);
              byte[] result = cipher.doFinal(str.getBytes());
              System.out.println("jdk des en:"+ Hex.toHexString(result));
  
              //解密
              cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, convertSecretKey);
              byte[] raw = cipher.doFinal(result);
              System.out.println("bc des de:"+ new String(raw));
  
          } catch (Exception e) {
              // TODO Auto-generated catch block
              e.printStackTrace();
          }

  3DES在实际应用中十分广泛,但效率比较低,下面是jdk实现3DES

  try {
              //生成kye
              KeyGenerator keyGenerator = KeyGenerator.getInstance("DESede");
  //          keyGenerator.init(168);
              keyGenerator.init(new SecureRandom());//生成默认长度
              SecretKey secretKey = keyGenerator.generateKey();
              byte[] bytesKey = secretKey.getEncoded();
              //key转换
              KeySpec keySpec = new DESedeKeySpec(bytesKey);
              SecretKeyFactory factory = SecretKeyFactory.getInstance("DESede");
              SecretKey convertSecretKey = factory.generateSecret(keySpec);
  
              //加密
              Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("DESede/ECB/PKCS5Padding");
              cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, convertSecretKey);
              byte[] result = cipher.doFinal(str.getBytes());
              System.out.println("jdk 3des en:"+ Hex.toHexString(result));
  
              //解密
              cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, convertSecretKey);
              byte[] raw = cipher.doFinal(result);
              System.out.println("jdk 3des de:"+ new String(raw));
              } catch (Exception e) {
              // TODO Auto-generated catch block
              e.printStackTrace();
          }

  AES是DES算法的代替者,目前还没有被破解的消息. 
   
  Java实现AES与实现DES相似

  try {
              //生成key
              KeyGenerator keyGenerator = KeyGenerator.getInstance("AES");
              keyGenerator.init(new SecureRandom());
              SecretKey secretKye = keyGenerator.generateKey();
              byte[] keyBytes =  secretKye.getEncoded();
              //转换key
              SecretKeySpec keySpec= new SecretKeySpec(keyBytes, "AES");
  
              //加密
              Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES/ECB/PKCS5Padding");
              cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, keySpec);
              byte[] result = cipher.doFinal(str.getBytes());
              System.out.println("jdk aes en:"+ Base64.encodeBase64String(result));
              //解密
              cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE,  keySpec);
              byte[] raw = cipher.doFinal(result);
              System.out.println("jdk aes de:"+new String(raw));
          } catch (Exception e) {
              // TODO Auto-generated catch block
              e.printStackTrace();
          }

  
  

  PBE(Password Based Encryption)基于口令的加密 
  算法结合了消息摘要算法和对称加密算法的特点,是对已有算法是包装(口令+盐) 
   
  

  代码实现

  try {
              //初始化盐
              SecureRandom secureRandom = new SecureRandom();
              byte[] salt = secureRandom.generateSeed(8);
              salt = new byte[]{'a','a','a','a','a','a','a','a'};
              //口令与秘钥
              String password = "yexiu";
              PBEKeySpec pbeKeySpec = new PBEKeySpec(password.toCharArray());
              SecretKeyFactory factory = SecretKeyFactory.getInstance("PBEWITHMD5andDES");
              Key key = factory.generateSecret(pbeKeySpec);
  
              //加密
              PBEParameterSpec parameter = new PBEParameterSpec(salt, 100);
              Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("PBEWITHMD5andDES");
              cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, key, parameter);
              byte[] result = cipher.doFinal(str.getBytes());
              System.out.println("jdk pbe en:"+Base64.encodeBase64String(result));
  
              //解密
              cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, key, parameter);
              byte[] raw = cipher.doFinal(result);
              System.out.println("jdk pbe de:"+new String(raw));
          } catch (Exception e) {
              // TODO Auto-generated catch block
              e.printStackTrace();
          } 

  
  

转自：http://blog.csdn.net/zxc123e/article/details/44524213