Ajax使用jQuery与后台交互

最新推荐文章于 2023-01-03 17:00:45 发布

Aurora Polaris

最新推荐文章于 2023-01-03 17:00:45 发布

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Ajax使用jQuery与后台交互

Ajax使用jQuery与后台交互

前言

Ajax

Ajax就是异步JavaScript and XML缩写。

Ajax的优点

通过异步模式，提高用户体验
优化浏览器与服务器之间传输，按需索取
Ajax引擎是在客户端运行的，承担了一部分本来由服务器承担的工作

XmlHttpRequest对象

Ajax的核心就是XmlHttpRequest对象。通过XMLHttpRequest对象，Web开发人员可以在页面加载以后进行页面的局部更新。

数据篇

jquery-form的方式提交数据

前端数据

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Ajax提交表单</title>
</head>
<body>
    <form action="form_submit" method="post" id="myform" name="myform">
        <input type="text" id="mytext" name="mytext" value="text"/>
        <button type="button" id="mybutton" name="mybutton">提交</button>
    </form>

<!-- 导入必须的文件 -->
<script type="text/javascript" src="/MyAjax/resource/js/jquery-1.9.1.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="/MyAjax/resource/js/jquery-form.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
    <!--向后台发送post请求-->
    $(document).ready(function() {
        $("#mybutton").click(function () {
            $.ajax({
                type:"POST",//提交请求的方式
                cache:true,//是否有缓存
                url:"form_submit",//访问servlet的路径
                dataType:"json",//没有这个，将把后台放会的json解析成字符串
                data:$('#myform').serialize(),//把内容序列化
                async:true,//是否异步
                error:function(request) {//请求出错
                    alert("出错");
                },
                success:function(data) {//获得返回值
                    alert(data["mytext"]);
                }
            })

        });
    });
</script>
</body>
</html>
   
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2.后台代码

package com.chen.servlet;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import net.sf.json.JSONObject;
/**
 * 
 * @author CHEN
 * @description 提交表单 
 * @导包：json-lib-2.2.2-jdk15.jar\ezmorph-1.0.4.jar
 */
@WebServlet("/form_submit")
public class FormSubmit extends HttpServlet{

    /**
     * 
     */
    private static final long serialVersionUID = -8615452472287083708L;

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)
            throws ServletException, IOException {
        req.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        resp.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        System.out.println(req.getParameter("myid"));
        String mytext=req.getParameter("mytext");
        JSONObject jObject=new JSONObject();
        jObject.put("mytext", mytext);
        PrintWriter out=resp.getWriter();
        out.print(jObject);
        out.close();
    }


}

   
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自定义数据篇

自定义上传的数据

有时候，我们所需的内容并不总是在一个表单中，这时候，我们就需要进行拼接，以下提供了两种拼接的方法。

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Ajax提交表单</title>
</head>
<body>
    <!-- 共有的某行数据 -->
    <input type="hidden" id="myid" name="myid" value="123456">
    <form action="form_submit" method="post" id="myform" name="myform">
        <input type="text" id="mytext" name="mytext" value="text"/>
        <button type="button" id="mybutton" name="mybutton">提交</button>
    </form>

<!-- 导入必须的文件 -->
<script type="text/javascript" src="/MyAjax/resource/js/jquery-1.9.1.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="/MyAjax/resource/js/jquery-form.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
    <!--向后台发送post请求-->
    $(document).ready(function() {
        $("#mybutton").click(function () {
            //准备数据
            var myform=$('#myform').serialize();//表单序列化
            //myform += "&myid="+encodeURIComponent($('#myid').val());//方法1：按格式拼接
            myform+= "&"+$('#myid').serialize();//方法2：拼接上需要的字符串            
            $.ajax({
                type:"POST",//提交请求的方式
                cache:true,//是否有缓存
                url:"form_submit",//访问servlet的路径
                dataType:"json",//没有这个，将把后台放会的json解析成字符串
                data:myform,//把内容序列化
                async:true,//是否异步
                error:function(request) {//请求出错
                    alert("出错");
                },
                success:function(data) {//获得返回值
                    alert(data["mytext"]);
                }
            })

        });
    });
</script>
</body>
</html>
   
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方法1：按格式拼接
myform += “&myid=”+encodeURIComponent($(‘#myid’).val());
方法2：拼接上需要的字符串
myform+= “&”+$(‘#myid’).serialize();

后台的接收还是一样的。

文件篇

前台使用ajaxupload.js对文件进行上传

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Ajax提交表单</title>
</head>
<body>
    <!-- 共有的某行数据 -->
    <input type="hidden" id="myid" name="myid" value="123456"/>
    <form action="form_submit" method="post" id="myform" name="myform" >
        <input type="text" id="mytext" name="mytext" value="text"/>

        <button type="button" id="mybutton" name="mybutton">提交</button>
    </form>

    <br/>
    <form action="#" enctype="multipart/form-data">
        <input type="file" id="myfile" name="myfile"/>
        <button type="button" id="myfilebutton" name="myfilebutton">上传</button>
    </form>

    <div id="mydiv"></div>
<!-- 导入必须的文件 -->
<script type="text/javascript" src="/MyAjax/resource/js/jquery-1.9.1.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="/MyAjax/resource/js/jquery-form.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="/MyAjax/resource/js/ajaxupload.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
    /**
    向后台发送post请求
    **/
    $(document).ready(function() {
        $("#mybutton").click(function () {
            //准备数据
            var myform=$('#myform').serialize();//表单序列化
            //myform += "&myid="+encodeURIComponent($('#myid').val());//方法1：按格式拼接
            myform+= "&"+$('#myid').serialize();//方法2：拼接上需要的字符串            
            $.ajax({
                type:"POST",//提交请求的方式
                cache:true,//是否有缓存
                url:"form_submit",//访问servlet的路径
                dataType:"json",//没有这个，将把后台放会的json解析成字符串
                data:myform,//把内容序列化
                async:true,//是否异步
                error:function(request) {//请求出错
                    alert("出错");
                },
                success:function(data) {//获得返回值
                    alert(data["mytext"]);
                }
            })

        });
    });


    /**
    向后台发送文件
    **/
    $(document).ready(function() {
        $('#myfilebutton').click(function() {
            $.ajaxFileUpload({
                url:"file_submit",//后他处理的路径
                secureuri:false,//是否需要安全协议，一般置为false
                fileElementId:'myfile',//文件id
                dataType:"json",//返回类型，默认string
                success:function(data,status) {
                    alert(data["message"]);//返回信息
                    //拼接
                    var a=document.createElement("a");
                    a.href=data['allUrl'];
                    a.innerHTML=data['fileName'];
                    var mydiv=document.getElementById('mydiv');
                    mydiv.appendChild(a);
                },
                error:function(data,status,e) {//返回信息
                    alert('出错了');
                }
            });
            return false;
        });
    });

</script>
</body>
</html>
   
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后台使用commons-fileupload.jar上传文件

package com.chen.servlet;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.net.InetAddress;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import org.apache.commons.fileupload.FileUploadException;

import net.sf.json.JSONObject;

import com.chen.model.MyFile;
import com.chen.util.UploadUtil;

/**
 * 
 * @author CHEN
 * @description 上传文件
 */
@WebServlet("/file_submit")
public class FileSumbit extends HttpServlet{

    /**
     * 
     */
    private static final long serialVersionUID = -1868776810282017505L;

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)
            throws ServletException, IOException {
        req.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        resp.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        System.out.println("上传文件");
        MyFile file=new MyFile(req.getServletContext().getRealPath("/resource/uploadTemp"),req.getServletContext().getRealPath("/resource/upload"));
        UploadUtil uUtil=new UploadUtil();
        String message="上传失败";
        try {
            message=uUtil.uploadfiFactoryle(file, req);
        } catch (FileUploadException e) {

            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        //返回的内容
        PrintWriter out=resp.getWriter();
        JSONObject jsonObject=new JSONObject();
        jsonObject.put("message", message);

        jsonObject.put("allUrl","http://"+InetAddress.getLocalHost().getHostAddress()+":"
        +req.getLocalPort()+File.separator+req.getContextPath()+"/resource/upload/"+file.getFileName());
        jsonObject.put("fileName", file.getFileName());
        out.print(jsonObject);
        out.close();
    }
}
   
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MyFile.java文件

package com.chen.model;


import java.io.File;
/**
 * 
 * @author CHEN
 *
 */
public class MyFile {
    private File file;
    private String fileName;//文件名
    private String tempUrl;//缓存路径
    private String saveUrl;//保存路径

    private String allUrl;//文件全路径



    public String getFileName() {
        return fileName;
    }
    public void setFileName(String fileName) {
        this.fileName = fileName;
    }
    public MyFile() {
        super();
    }
    public File getFile() {
        return file;
    }
    public void setFile(File file) {
        this.file = file;
    }
    public String getSaveUrl() {
        return saveUrl;
    }
    public void setSaveUrl(String saveUrl) {
        this.saveUrl = saveUrl;
    }
    public String getTempUrl() {
        return tempUrl;
    }
    public void setTempUrl(String tempUrl) {
        this.tempUrl = tempUrl;
    }



    public String getAllUrl() {
        return allUrl;
    }
    public void setAllUrl(String allUrl) {
        this.allUrl = allUrl;
    }
    public MyFile(String tempUrl, String saveUrl) {
        super();
        this.tempUrl = tempUrl;
        this.saveUrl = saveUrl;
    }
    public MyFile(String saveUrl) {
        super();
        this.saveUrl = saveUrl;
    }
}
   
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UploadUtil.java工具

package com.chen.util;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

import org.apache.commons.fileupload.FileItem;
import org.apache.commons.fileupload.FileUploadException;
import org.apache.commons.fileupload.disk.DiskFileItemFactory;
import org.apache.commons.fileupload.servlet.ServletFileUpload;
import org.apache.commons.fileupload.servlet.ServletRequestContext;

import com.chen.model.MyFile;

import java.util.List;
/**
 * 
 * @author CHEN
 * @description 上传文件的工具
 */
public class UploadUtil {

    public String uploadfiFactoryle(MyFile file, HttpServletRequest request)
            throws FileUploadException, IOException {

        // 配置上传的属性
        DiskFileItemFactory dfiFactory = new DiskFileItemFactory();
        dfiFactory.setSizeThreshold(10 * 1024);
        dfiFactory.setRepository(new File(file.getTempUrl()));

        // 配置解析器
        ServletFileUpload sfupLoad = new ServletFileUpload(dfiFactory);
        sfupLoad.setHeaderEncoding("utf-8");

        // 对请求进行解析
        List<FileItem> filList = sfupLoad
                .parseRequest(new ServletRequestContext(request));
        // 文件名
        String fileName = null;
        String allUrl=null;

        //for (FileItem item : filList) {
        FileItem item = getUploadFileItem(filList);
            if (item.isFormField()) {// 普通表单
                return "文件错误";
            } else {// file表单
                fileName = item.getName();
                System.out.println(fileName);
                allUrl=file.getSaveUrl()+ File.separator + fileName;
                FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(allUrl);
                InputStream in = item.getInputStream();
                // 开始存入服务器端
                byte[] buf = new byte[1024];
                int len = 0;
                while ((len = in.read(buf)) > 0)
                    out.write(buf, 0, len);
                in.close();
                out.close();
                item.delete();// 删除临时文件
            }
        //}
        file.setFileName(fileName);
        file.setAllUrl(allUrl);
        return "上传成功";
    }

    private FileItem getUploadFileItem(List<FileItem> list) {
        for (FileItem fileItem : list) {
            if(!fileItem.isFormField()) {
                return fileItem;
            }
        }
        return null;
    }
}
   
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