Promise 链
promise 的 then 方法返回一个新的 promise:
const promise = new Promise(resolve => setTimeout(resolve, 5000));
promise
// 5 seconds later
.then(() => 2)
// returning a value from a then callback will cause
// the new promise to resolve with this value
.then(value => { /* value === 2 */ });
从 then 返回的 promise 将会粘到 promise 链上:
function wait(millis) {
return new Promise(resolve => setTimeout(resolve, millis));
}
const p = wait(5000).then(() => wait(4000)).then(() => wait(1000));
p.then(() => { /* 10 seconds have passed */ });
catch 允许恢复一个 rejected 的 promise,类似try/catch中的catch。在 promise 链中的 then,如果在catch 之后,将会用catch中的结果值执行其错误处理代码。
const p = new Promise(resolve => {throw 'oh no'});
p.catch(() => 'oh yes').then(console.log.bind(console)); // outputs "oh yes"
如果在链中没有 catch 或者 reject 处理器, 末尾的 catch 将捕捉链中任何的rejection。
p.catch(() => Promise.reject('oh yes'))
.then(console.log.bind(console)) // won't be called
.catch(console.error.bind(console)); // outputs "oh yes"
某种情况下你可能想把拆分函数的执行,你可以通过根据不同的条件返回不同的 promises 来实现。后面在代码中再合并多个函数分开执行的结果:
promise
.then(result => {
if (result.condition) {
return handlerFn1()
.then(handlerFn2);
} else if (result.condition2) {
return handlerFn3()
.then(handlerFn4);
} else {
throw new Error("Invalid result");
}
})
.then(handlerFn5)
.catch(err => {
console.error(err);
});
执行顺序就像这样:
promise --> handlerFn1 -> handlerFn2 --> handlerFn5 ~~> .catch()
| ^
V |
-> handlerFn3 -> handlerFn4 -^
一个 catch 就能捕捉分支上可能产生的错误了。
并行 promises
Promise.all() 静态方法接受一个可遍历的 promises列表,并返回一个新的 promise,这样就解决了当所有promises都解决了时,或有任何其中一个被rejected了时:
// wait "millis" ms, then resolve with "value"
function resolve(millis, value) {
return new Promise(resolve => setTimeout(() => resolve(value), millis));
}
// wait "millis" ms, then reject with "reason"
function reject(millis, reason) {
return new Promise((_, reject) => setTimeout(() => reject(reason), millis));
}
Promise.all([
resolve(5000, 1),
resolve(6000, 2),
resolve(7000, 3)
]).then(values => console.log(values)); // outputs "[1, 2, 3]" after 7 seconds.
Promise.all([
resolve(5000, 1),
reject(6000, 'Error!'),
resolve(7000, 2)
]).then(values => console.log(values)) // does not output anything
.catch(reason => console.log(reason)); // outputs "Error!" after 6 seconds
而非 promise 的值是 “promisified”
Promise.all([
resolve(5000, 1),
resolve(6000, 2),
{ hello: 3 }
])
.then(values => console.log(values)); // outputs "[1, 2, { hello: 3 }]" after 6 seconds
分解赋值可以帮助从多个promises中取值:
Promise.all([
resolve(5000, 1),
resolve(6000, 2),
resolve(7000, 3)
])
.then(([result1, result2, result3]) => {
console.log(result1);
console.log(result2);
console.log(result3);
});