惊群效应测试

概念：

惊群效应就是当一个fd的事件被触发时，所有等待这个fd的线程或进程都被唤醒，一般都是socket的accept()会导致惊群，很多个进程都阻塞在server socket的accept()，一但有客户端连接，所有进程的accept()都会返回，但是只有一个进程会accept成功，就是惊群。

现状：

linux2.6内核后的版本已经没有惊群效应

测试：

测试环境内核版本

客户端使用脚本 client.sh

#!/bin/bash
host="127.0.0.1"
port=9527
num=10
for (( i=0; i<$num; i++)); do
    telnet $host $port > /dev/null 2>&1 &
done

非IO多路复用，测试代码 tcpserver.cpp

#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>

int main()
{
    int listenfd;
    pid_t parentid, childid;
    struct sockaddr_in servaddr;
    int forknum = 10;
    short port = 9527;

    servaddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
    servaddr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
    servaddr.sin_port = htons(port);

    listenfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
    int res = bind(listenfd, (sockaddr *)&servaddr, sizeof(sockaddr_in));
    if (0 == res)
        printf("server bind success, port:%d\n", port);
    else {
        printf("server bind fail!\n");
        exit(-1);
    }
    res = listen(listenfd, 100);
    if (0 == res)
        printf("server listen success!\n");
    else {
        printf("server listen fail!\n");
        exit(-1);
    }

    parentid = getpid();
    for (int i=0; i<forknum; ++i) {
        if (getpid() == parentid) {
            childid = fork();
            if (0 == childid)
                printf("the parentid is %d, chlidid is %d\n", getppid(), getpid());
        }
    }

    for (; ;) {
        int connfd = accept(listenfd, NULL, NULL);
        if (connfd != -1)
            printf("the pid is %d, connfd is %d\n", getpid(), connfd);
    }
}

启动进程，客户端通过telnet连接了3次，输出连接成功3次：

查看具体的fd:

epoll，测试代码 epollserver.cpp

#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/epoll.h>

#define MAX_EVENTS 10

int main()
{
    int listenfd;
    pid_t parentid, childid;
    struct sockaddr_in servaddr;
    int forknum = 10;
    short port = 9527;

    servaddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
    servaddr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
    servaddr.sin_port = htons(port);

    listenfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
    int res = bind(listenfd, (sockaddr *)&servaddr, sizeof(sockaddr_in));
    if (0 == res)
        printf("server bind success, 0.0.0.0:%d\n", port);
    else {
        perror("bind fail");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
    res = listen(listenfd, 100);
    if (0 == res)
        printf("server listen success\n");
    else {
        perror("listen fail");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
    
    parentid = getpid();
    for (int i=0; i<forknum; ++i) {
        if (getpid() == parentid) {
            childid = fork();
            if (0 == childid)
                printf("the parentid is %d, chlidid is %d\n", getppid(), getpid());
        }
    }

    // epoll
    struct epoll_event ev, events[MAX_EVENTS];
    int epollfd = epoll_create(10);
    if (-1 == epollfd) {
        perror("epoll_create fail");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    ev.events = EPOLLIN;
    ev.data.fd = listenfd;
    if (-1 == epoll_ctl(epollfd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, listenfd, &ev)) {
        perror("epoll_ctl: listenfd fail");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    for (;;) {
        int nfds = epoll_wait(epollfd, events, MAX_EVENTS, -1);
        if (-1 == nfds) {
            perror("epoll_wait fail");
            exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
        }
        for (int n = 0; n < nfds; ++n) {
            if (events[n].data.fd == listenfd) {
                int connfd = accept(listenfd, NULL, NULL);
                if (-1 == connfd) {
                    perror("accept fail");
                    continue;
                }
                printf("the pid is %d, connfd is %d\n", getpid(), connfd);
            }
        }
    }

}

启动进程并执行client.sh

初步结论：

linux比较新的内核（2.6+）已经不存在惊群效应