XML解析方式分为两种:dom和sax
dom:(Document Object Model, 即文档对象模型) 是 W3C 组织推荐的处理 XML 的一种方式。
sax:(Simple API for XML) 不是官方标准,但它是 XML 社区事实上的标准,几乎所有的 XML 解析器都支持它。
dom文档:将文档装载到document,所有元素都会创建一个对象。只要得到根节点就可以得到一切。
优点:使用dom解析xml文档,实现crud特别方便,操作速度也比较快。
缺点:使用dom解析xml文档,如果文件比较大,对内存消耗就特别大,极容易导致内存溢出,所以dom方式不适合操作大的xml文档。
JAVA虚拟机默认修改IntelliJ IDEA 7.0\bin下idea.exe.vmoptions -xmx大小
sax:读到一行解析一行。
特点:
1、解析速度快、对内存占用少,查找数据特别方便
2、只适合查找数据,不适合作增删改操作
dom4j最好的XML解析开发包。但Jaxp是SUN公司的标准。
jaxp对xml文件进行crud:
先产生一个document解析对象。
//1.获取工厂
DocumentBuilderFactory factory = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
//2.产生解析器
DocumentBuilder builder = factory.newDocumentBuilder();
//3.解析xml文档,得到代表文档的document
Document document = builder.parse(new File("src/book1.xml"));
操作xml文档的元素时,一般都把元素当作node对象,但是程序员如果发现node不好使时,就应把node强转成相应类型
查询:
//得到售价结点的值
@Test
public void read() throws Exception{
//1.获取工厂
DocumentBuilderFactory factory = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
DocumentBuilder builder = factory.newDocumentBuilder();
Document document = builder.parse(new File("src/book.xml"));
NodeList list = document.getElementsByTagName("售价");
Node price = list.item(0);
String value = price.getTextContent();
System.out.println(value);
}
修改: transformer
//修改结点的值:<售价>39.00元</售价>改为109
@Test
public void update() throws Exception{
DocumentBuilderFactory factory = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
DocumentBuilder builder = factory.newDocumentBuilder();
Document document = builder.parse(new File("src/book1.xml"));
Node price = document.getElementsByTagName("售价").item(0);
price.setTextContent("109");
//把内存中的document写到xml文档
TransformerFactory tf = TransformerFactory.newInstance();
//得到转换器
Transformer ts = tf.newTransformer();
ts.transform(new DOMSource(document), new StreamResult(new File("src/book1.xml")));
}
//向指定节点中增加孩子节点(售价节点)
@Test
public void add() throws Exception{
DocumentBuilderFactory factory = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
DocumentBuilder builder = factory.newDocumentBuilder();
Document document = builder.parse(new File("src/book1.xml"));
//创建需要增加的节点
Node price = document.createElement("售价");
price.setTextContent("59元");
//得到需要增加的节点的父亲
Node parent = document.getElementsByTagName("书").item(0);
//把需要增加的节点挂到父结点上
parent.appendChild(price);
TransformerFactory tf = TransformerFactory.newInstance();
Transformer ts = tf.newTransformer();
ts.transform(new DOMSource(document), new StreamResult(new File("src/book1.xml")));
}
//向指定位置上插入售价节点
@Test
public void add2() throws Exception{
DocumentBuilderFactory factory = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
DocumentBuilder builder = factory.newDocumentBuilder();
Document document = builder.parse(new File("src/book1.xml"));
Node node = document.createElement("售价");
node.setTextContent("39元");
Node parent = document.getElementsByTagName("书").item(0);
parent.insertBefore(node, document.getElementsByTagName("书名").item(0));
TransformerFactory tf = TransformerFactory.newInstance();
Transformer ts = tf.newTransformer();
ts.transform(new DOMSource(document), new StreamResult(new File("src/book1.xml")));
}
删除:
//删除xml文档的售价结点
@Test
public void delete() throws Exception{
DocumentBuilderFactory factory = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
DocumentBuilder builder = factory.newDocumentBuilder();
Document document = builder.parse(new File("src/book1.xml"));
Node node = document.getElementsByTagName("售价").item(2);
node.getParentNode().removeChild(node);
TransformerFactory tf = TransformerFactory.newInstance();
Transformer ts = tf.newTransformer();
ts.transform(new DOMSource(document), new StreamResult(new File("src/book1.xml")));
}
xml文档属性操作:
//操作xml文档属性
@Test
public void updateAttribute() throws Exception{
DocumentBuilderFactory factory = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
DocumentBuilder builder = factory.newDocumentBuilder();
Document document = builder.parse(new File("src/book1.xml"));
//操作xml文档的元素时,一般都把元素当作node对象,但是程序员如果发现node不好使时,就应把node强转成相应类型
Node node = document.getElementsByTagName("书").item(0);
Element book = null;
if(node.getNodeType()==Node.ELEMENT_NODE){ //在作结点转换之前,最好先判断结点类型
book = (Element)node;
}
book.setAttribute("name", "yyyyyyy");
book.setAttribute("password", "123");
book.removeAttribute("password");
TransformerFactory tf = TransformerFactory.newInstance();
Transformer ts = tf.newTransformer();
ts.transform(new DOMSource(document), new StreamResult(new File("src/book1.xml")));
}
遍历(递归):
//遍历
public static void list(Node node){
if(node.getNodeType()==Node.ELEMENT_NODE){
System.out.println(node.getNodeName());
}
NodeList list = node.getChildNodes();
for(int i=0;i<list.getLength();i++){
Node child = list.item(i);
list(child);
}
}