Laravel的用户认证模块

1.用户认证主要涉及到几个方面

AuthServiceProvider

AuthManager

Guard模块, 以TokenGuard为例

   配置文件中的config/auth.php

2. 先可以看下系统默认的LoginController定义

<?php

namespace App\Http\Controllers\Auth;

use App\Http\Controllers\Controller;
use Illuminate\Foundation\Auth\AuthenticatesUsers;

class LoginController extends Controller
{
    /*
    |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
    | Login Controller
    |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
    |
    | This controller handles authenticating users for the application and
    | redirecting them to your home screen. The controller uses a trait
    | to conveniently provide its functionality to your applications.
    |
    */

    use AuthenticatesUsers;

    /**
     * Where to redirect users after login.
     *
     * @var string
     */
    protected $redirectTo = '/home';

    /**
     * Create a new controller instance.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    public function __construct()
    {
        $this->middleware('guest', ['except' => 'logout']);
    }
}

这里的主要作用是  use AuthenticatesUsers;主要作用的也是这个类

<?php

namespace Illuminate\Foundation\Auth;

use Illuminate\Http\Request;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Auth;

trait AuthenticatesUsers
{
    use RedirectsUsers, ThrottlesLogins;

    /**
     * Show the application's login form.
     *
     * @return \Illuminate\Http\Response
     */
    public function showLoginForm()
    {
        return view('auth.login');
    }

    /**
     * Handle a login request to the application.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Http\Request  $request
     * @return \Illuminate\Http\RedirectResponse|\Illuminate\Http\Response
     */
    public function login(Request $request)
    {
        $this->validateLogin($request);

        // If the class is using the ThrottlesLogins trait, we can automatically throttle
        // the login attempts for this application. We'll key this by the username and
        // the IP address of the client making these requests into this application.
        if ($this->hasTooManyLoginAttempts($request)) {
            $this->fireLockoutEvent($request);

            return $this->sendLockoutResponse($request);
        }

        if ($this->attemptLogin($request)) {
            return $this->sendLoginResponse($request);
        }

        // If the login attempt was unsuccessful we will increment the number of attempts
        // to login and redirect the user back to the login form. Of course, when this
        // user surpasses their maximum number of attempts they will get locked out.
        $this->incrementLoginAttempts($request);

        return $this->sendFailedLoginResponse($request);
    }

    /**
     * Validate the user login request.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Http\Request  $request
     * @return void
     */
    protected function validateLogin(Request $request)
    {
        $this->validate($request, [
            $this->username() => 'required', 'password' => 'required',
        ]);
    }

    /**
     * Attempt to log the user into the application.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Http\Request  $request
     * @return bool
     */
    protected function attemptLogin(Request $request)
    {
        return $this->guard()->attempt(
            $this->credentials($request), $request->has('remember')
        );
    }

    /**
     * Get the needed authorization credentials from the request.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Http\Request  $request
     * @return array
     */
    protected function credentials(Request $request)
    {
        return $request->only($this->username(), 'password');
    }

    /**
     * Send the response after the user was authenticated.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Http\Request  $request
     * @return \Illuminate\Http\Response
     */
    protected function sendLoginResponse(Request $request)
    {
        $request->session()->regenerate();

        $this->clearLoginAttempts($request);

        return $this->authenticated($request, $this->guard()->user())
                ?: redirect()->intended($this->redirectPath());
    }

    /**
     * The user has been authenticated.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Http\Request  $request
     * @param  mixed  $user
     * @return mixed
     */
    protected function authenticated(Request $request, $user)
    {
        //
    }

    /**
     * Get the failed login response instance.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Http\Request  $request
     * @return \Illuminate\Http\RedirectResponse
     */
    protected function sendFailedLoginResponse(Request $request)
    {
        $errors = [$this->username() => trans('auth.failed')];

        if ($request->expectsJson()) {
            return response()->json($errors, 422);
        }

        return redirect()->back()
            ->withInput($request->only($this->username(), 'remember'))
            ->withErrors($errors);
    }

    /**
     * Get the login username to be used by the controller.
     *
     * @return string
     */
    public function username()
    {
        return 'email';
    }

    /**
     * Log the user out of the application.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Http\Request  $request
     * @return \Illuminate\Http\Response
     */
    public function logout(Request $request)
    {
        $this->guard()->logout();

        $request->session()->flush();

        $request->session()->regenerate();

        return redirect('/');
    }

    /**
     * Get the guard to be used during authentication.
     *
     * @return \Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\StatefulGuard
     */
    protected function guard()
    {
        return Auth::guard();
    }
}

这里的登录逻辑是

   1. 判断用户名密码不能为空

   2. 登录失败错误次数不能超过一定次数

   3. 可以看下attempLogin的实现是这样的

    /**
     * Attempt to log the user into the application.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Http\Request  $request
     * @return bool
     */
    protected function attemptLogin(Request $request)
    {
        return $this->guard()->attempt(
            $this->credentials($request), $request->has('remember')
        );
    }

    guard函数是这样的

    /**
     * Get the guard to be used during authentication.
     *
     * @return \Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\StatefulGuard
     */
    protected function guard()
    {
        return Auth::guard();
    }

 Auth的服务提供这是在AuthServiceProvider，该类定义是

<?php

namespace Illuminate\Auth;

use Illuminate\Auth\Access\Gate;
use Illuminate\Support\ServiceProvider;
use Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\Access\Gate as GateContract;
use Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\Authenticatable as AuthenticatableContract;

class AuthServiceProvider extends ServiceProvider
{
    /**
     * Register the service provider.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    public function register()
    {
        $this->registerAuthenticator();

        $this->registerUserResolver();

        $this->registerAccessGate();

        $this->registerRequestRebindHandler();
    }

    /**
     * Register the authenticator services.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    protected function registerAuthenticator()
    {
        $this->app->singleton('auth', function ($app) {
            // Once the authentication service has actually been requested by the developer
            // we will set a variable in the application indicating such. This helps us
            // know that we need to set any queued cookies in the after event later.
            $app['auth.loaded'] = true;

            return new AuthManager($app);
        });

        $this->app->singleton('auth.driver', function ($app) {
            return $app['auth']->guard();
        });
    }

    /**
     * Register a resolver for the authenticated user.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    protected function registerUserResolver()
    {
        $this->app->bind(
            AuthenticatableContract::class, function ($app) {
                return call_user_func($app['auth']->userResolver());
            }
        );
    }

    /**
     * Register the access gate service.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    protected function registerAccessGate()
    {
        $this->app->singleton(GateContract::class, function ($app) {
            return new Gate($app, function () use ($app) {
                return call_user_func($app['auth']->userResolver());
            });
        });
    }

    /**
     * Register a resolver for the authenticated user.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    protected function registerRequestRebindHandler()
    {
        $this->app->rebinding('request', function ($app, $request) {
            $request->setUserResolver(function ($guard = null) use ($app) {
                return call_user_func($app['auth']->userResolver(), $guard);
            });
        });
    }
}

也就是说Auth的真实服务是 AuthManager，看下这个类的guard和getDefaultConfig

 /**
     * Resolve the given guard.
     *
     * @param  string  $name
     * @return \Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\Guard|\Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\StatefulGuard
     *
     * @throws \InvalidArgumentException
     */
    protected function resolve($name)
    {
        $config = $this->getConfig($name);

        if (is_null($config)) {
            throw new InvalidArgumentException("Auth guard [{$name}] is not defined.");
        }

        if (isset($this->customCreators[$config['driver']])) {
            return $this->callCustomCreator($name, $config);
        }

        $driverMethod = 'create'.ucfirst($config['driver']).'Driver';

        if (method_exists($this, $driverMethod)) {
            return $this->{$driverMethod}($name, $config);
        }

        throw new InvalidArgumentException("Auth guard driver [{$name}] is not defined.");
    }


  /**
     * Get the default authentication driver name.
     *
     * @return string
     */
    public function getDefaultDriver()
    {
        return $this->app['config']['auth.defaults.guard'];
    }


 /**
     * Attempt to get the guard from the local cache.
     *
     * @param  string  $name
     * @return \Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\Guard|\Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\StatefulGuard
     */
    public function guard($name = null)
    {
        $name = $name ?: $this->getDefaultDriver();

        return isset($this->guards[$name])
                    ? $this->guards[$name]
                    : $this->guards[$name] = $this->resolve($name);
    }

这样就生成了一个Guard，可以使用Token，Session等等，继续看TokenGuard的attempt函数，该函数只有在sessionGuard的时候采用，可以看下auth.php文件

  'guards' => [
        'web' => [
            'driver' => 'session',
            'provider' => 'users',
        ],

        'api' => [
            'driver' => 'token',
            'provider' => 'users',
        ],
    ],

    /*
    |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
    | User Providers
    |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
    |
    | All authentication drivers have a user provider. This defines how the
    | users are actually retrieved out of your database or other storage
    | mechanisms used by this application to persist your user's data.
    |
    | If you have multiple user tables or models you may configure multiple
    | sources which represent each model / table. These sources may then
    | be assigned to any extra authentication guards you have defined.
    |
    | Supported: "database", "eloquent"
    |
    */

    'providers' => [
        'users' => [
            'driver' => 'eloquent',
            'model' => App\User::class,
        ],

        // 'users' => [
        //     'driver' => 'database',
        //     'table' => 'users',
        // ],
    ],

上面的guards的providers的users和下面的providers的users是一一对应的，Guard的还有一个user函数和id获得当前用户对应和当前用户ID的方法

public function user()
    {
        // If we've already retrieved the user for the current request we can just
        // return it back immediately. We do not want to fetch the user data on
        // every call to this method because that would be tremendously slow.
        if (! is_null($this->user)) {
            return $this->user;
        }

        $user = null;

        $token = $this->getTokenForRequest();

        if (! empty($token)) {
            $user = $this->provider->retrieveByCredentials(
                [$this->storageKey => $token]
            );
        }

        return $this->user = $user;
    }

获得参数中的token值，然后利用provider进行，用户对象查询，而provider函数，而provider则是

 'providers' => [
        'users' => [
            'driver' => 'eloquent',
            'model' => App\User::class,
        ],

可以看下类 EloquentUserProvider的定义

 public function retrieveByCredentials(array $credentials)
    {
        if (empty($credentials)) {
            return;
        }

        // First we will add each credential element to the query as a where clause.
        // Then we can execute the query and, if we found a user, return it in a
        // Eloquent User "model" that will be utilized by the Guard instances.
        $query = $this->createModel()->newQuery();

        foreach ($credentials as $key => $value) {
            if (! Str::contains($key, 'password')) {
                $query->where($key, $value);
            }
        }

        return $query->first();
    }

这样我们拿到token值和TokenGuard中token存储的键值，在数据库中进行查找即可，就得到了User对象，而ID函数，则是在

GuardHelpers中定义的，获得user对象的id，以及check等函数