MS SQL 监控数据/日志文件增长

    前几天,在所有数据库服务器部署了监控磁盘空间的存储过程和作业后(MS SQL 监控磁盘空间告警),今天突然收到了两封告警邮件,好吧,存储规划是一方面,但是,是不是要分析一下是什么原因造成磁盘空间不足的呢?会不会是因为突然暴增的日志文件,抑或是系统业务猛增导致数据量暴增,还是历史数据累计原因....分析总得有数据来支撑吧,但是现在只有那些数据文件的当前大小信息,没有数据文件的历史增长变化信息,所以,今天就想实现这么一个功能,每天(频率可以调整)去收集一下数据文件的信息,放到一个表里面,这样方便我们分析数据文件的增长演变例程,甚至你可以将数据文件的增长幅度和业务变化关联起来分析....
 
那么接下来就是我的设计思路和实现代码,目前只是简单实现,以后将继续优化,丰富一些功能。
 
首先我们创建一个表DiskCapacityHistory,用来保存数据库文件的历史增长变化信息:
复制代码
USE  msdb;
GO
 
IF  EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM dbo.sysobjects WHERE id = OBJECT_ID(N'') AND xtype='U')
    DROP TABLE DiskCapacityHistory;
GO

CREATE TABLE dbo.DiskCapacityHistory
(
    [Date_CD]            INT                     ,
    [DataBaseID]         INT                     ,
    [FileID]             INT                     ,
    [DataBaseName]       sysname                 ,
    [LogicalName]        VARCHAR(32)             ,
    [FileTypeDesc]       NVARCHAR(60)            ,
    [PhysicalName]       NVARCHAR(260)          ,
    [StateDesc]          NVARCHAR(60)           ,
    [MaxSize]            NVARCHAR(32)            ,
    [GrowthType]         NVARCHAR(8)             ,
    [IsReadOnly]         INT                     ,
    [IsPercentGrowth]    SMALLINT                ,
    [Size]               FLOAT                   ,
    [Growth_MOM_RAT]     FLOAT                   ,
    [Growth_YOY_RAT]     FLOAT                   ,
    CONSTRAINT PK_DiskCapacityHistory PRIMARY KEY(Date_CD, DataBaseID, FileID)     
);
复制代码
View Code
复制代码
EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty @name = N'MS_Description'
    , @value = '日期编码'
    , @level0type = N'SCHEMA'
    , @level0name = N'dbo'
    , @level1type = N'TABLE'
    , @level1name = N'DiskCapacityHistory'
    , @level2type = N'COLUMN'
    , @level2name = N'Date_CD';
    
EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty @name = N'MS_Description'
    , @value = '数据库标识'
    , @level0type = N'SCHEMA'
    , @level0name = N'dbo'
    , @level1type = N'TABLE'
    , @level1name = N'DiskCapacityHistory'
    , @level2type = N'COLUMN'
    , @level2name = N'DataBaseID';
    
EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty @name = N'MS_Description'
    , @value = '文件标识'
    , @level0type = N'SCHEMA'
    , @level0name = N'dbo'
    , @level1type = N'TABLE'
    , @level1name = N'DiskCapacityHistory'
    , @level2type = N'COLUMN'
    , @level2name = N'FileID';

EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty @name = N'MS_Description'
    , @value = '数据库名称'
    , @level0type = N'SCHEMA'
    , @level0name = N'dbo'
    , @level1type = N'TABLE'
    , @level1name = N'DiskCapacityHistory'
    , @level2type = N'COLUMN'
    , @level2name = N'DataBaseName';
 
 
 EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty @name = N'MS_Description'
    , @value = '数据库逻辑名称'
    , @level0type = N'SCHEMA'
    , @level0name = N'dbo'
    , @level1type = N'TABLE'
    , @level1name = N'DiskCapacityHistory'
    , @level2type = N'COLUMN'
    , @level2name = N'LogicalName';
    
 
EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty @name = N'MS_Description'
    , @value = '文件类型描述'
    , @level0type = N'SCHEMA'
    , @level0name = N'dbo'
    , @level1type = N'TABLE'
    , @level1name = N'DiskCapacityHistory'
    , @level2type = N'COLUMN'
    , @level2name = N'FileTypeDesc';
    

    
EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty @name = N'MS_Description'
    , @value = '物理数据库文件'
    , @level0type = N'SCHEMA'
    , @level0name = N'dbo'
    , @level1type = N'TABLE'
    , @level1name = N'DiskCapacityHistory'
    , @level2type = N'COLUMN'
    , @level2name = N'PhysicalName';
    
EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty @name = N'MS_Description'
    , @value = '文件最大大小'
    , @level0type = N'SCHEMA'
    , @level0name = N'dbo'
    , @level1type = N'TABLE'
    , @level1name = N'DiskCapacityHistory'
    , @level2type = N'COLUMN'
    , @level2name = N'MaxSize';
    
EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty @name = N'MS_Description'
    , @value = '文件增长类型'
    , @level0type = N'SCHEMA'
    , @level0name = N'dbo'
    , @level1type = N'TABLE'
    , @level1name = N'DiskCapacityHistory'
    , @level2type = N'COLUMN'
    , @level2name = N'GrowthType';
 
EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty @name = N'MS_Description'
    , @value = '是否只读类型'
    , @level0type = N'SCHEMA'
    , @level0name = N'dbo'
    , @level1type = N'TABLE'
    , @level1name = N'DiskCapacityHistory'
    , @level2type = N'COLUMN'
    , @level2name = N'IsReadOnly';
    
EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty @name = N'MS_Description'
    , @value = '是否按百分比增长'
    , @level0type = N'SCHEMA'
    , @level0name = N'dbo'
    , @level1type = N'TABLE'
    , @level1name = N'DiskCapacityHistory'
    , @level2type = N'COLUMN'
    , @level2name = N'IsPercentGrowth';

EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty @name = N'MS_Description'
    , @value = '数据文件大小(GB)'
    , @level0type = N'SCHEMA'
    , @level0name = N'dbo'
    , @level1type = N'TABLE'
    , @level1name = N'DiskCapacityHistory'
    , @level2type = N'COLUMN'
    , @level2name = N'Size';
    
EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty @name = N'MS_Description'
    , @value = '文件增长环比(%)'
    , @level0type = N'SCHEMA'
    , @level0name = N'dbo'
    , @level1type = N'TABLE'
    , @level1name = N'DiskCapacityHistory'
    , @level2type = N'COLUMN'
    , @level2name = N'Growth_MOM_RAT';
    
EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty @name = N'MS_Description'
    , @value = '文件增长同比(%)'
    , @level0type = N'SCHEMA'
    , @level0name = N'dbo'
    , @level1type = N'TABLE'
    , @level1name = N'DiskCapacityHistory'
    , @level2type = N'COLUMN'
    , @level2name = N'Growth_YOY_RAT';
    
GO

IF  OBJECT_ID(N'sp_diskcapacity_cal')  IS NOT NULL
    DROP PROCEDURE sp_diskcapacity_cal;
GO
复制代码

 

接下来,我们创建存储过程,负责来收集、统计这些数据库的文件的相关信息。关于环比/同比,正常情况一般是:

环比:  (指标当前值 - 指标值(上个月同一天))/ 指标值(上个月同一天) 。

同比:  (指标当前值 - 指标值(去年月同一天))/ 指标值(去年月同一天) 。

其实如果关注每天的数据文件变化情况,这个代码里面的环比、同比其实意义不大,其实我们可以这样定义环比、同比:

环比: (指标当前值 - 指标值(昨天))/指标值(昨天)。

同比: (指标当前值 - 指标值 (上个月))/指标值(上个月)

当然,你也可以把这四个指标都加上,对比参考,侧重点不同而已。

存储过程
  1.   IF  OBJECT_ID(N'sp_diskcapacity_cal')IS NOT NULL
  2.     DROP PROCEDURE sp_diskcapacity_cal;
  3. GO
  4.  
  5. CREATE PROCEDURE dbo.sp_diskcapacity_cal
  6. AS
  7. BEGIN
  8.    
  9.    INSERT INTO dbo.DiskCapacityHistory
  10.    (
  11.         [Date_CD]           ,
  12.         [DataBaseID]        ,
  13.         [FileID]            ,
  14.         [DataBaseName]      ,
  15.         [LogicalName]       ,
  16.         [FileTypeDesc]      ,
  17.         [PhysicalName]      ,
  18.         [StateDesc]         ,
  19.         [MaxSize]           ,
  20.         [GrowthType]        ,
  21.         [IsReadOnly]        ,
  22.         [IsPercentGrowth]   ,
  23.         [Size]                
  24.    )
  25.      SELECT CAST(REPLACE(CONVERT(varchar(10),GETDATE(),120),'-','') AS INT)
  26.                                                                             AS DateCD        ,
  27.             database_id                                                     AS DataBaseId    ,
  28.             file_id                                                         AS FileID        ,
  29.             DB_NAME(database_id)                                            AS DataBaseName  ,
  30.             name                                                            AS LogicalName   ,
  31.             type_desc                                                       AS FileTypeDesc  ,
  32.             physical_name                                                   AS PhysicalName  ,
  33.             state_desc                                                      AS StateDesc     ,
  34.             CASE WHEN max_size = 0 THEN N'不允许增长'
  35.                  WHEN max_size = -1 THEN N'自动增长'
  36.                  ELSE LTRIM(STR(max_size * 8.0 / 1024 / 1024, 14, 2)) + 'G'
  37.             END                                                             AS MaxSize       ,
  38.             CASE WHEN is_percent_growth = 1
  39.                  THEN RTRIM(CAST(Growth AS CHAR(10))) + '%'
  40.                  ELSE RTRIM(CAST(Growth AS CHAR(10))) + 'M'
  41.             END                                                             AS Growth        ,
  42.             Is_Read_Only AS IsReadOnly ,
  43.             Is_Percent_Growth AS IsPercentGrowth ,
  44.             CAST(size * 8.0 / 1024 / 1024 AS DECIMAL(8, 4))                 AS Size
  45.      FROM   sys.master_files;
  46.      
  47.      
  48.      MERGE INTO dbo.DiskCapacityHistory DM USING
  49.      (
  50.      SELECT M.Date_CD        ,
  51.             M.DataBaseID     ,
  52.             M.FileID         ,
  53.             CASE WHEN N.SIZE IS NULL OR N.SIZE = 0 THEN 0 ELSE
  54.                 (M.SIZE - N.SIZE)/N.SIZE END AS Growth_MOM_RAT
  55.      FROM dbo.DiskCapacityHistory M
  56.       LEFT JOIN dbo.DiskCapacityHistory  N ON
  57.               CAST(CAST(M.Date_CD AS CHAR(8)) AS DATE) = DATEADD(MONTH, 1, CAST(CAST(N.Date_CD AS CHAR(8)) AS DATE))
  58.           AND M.DataBaseID = N.DataBaseID AND M.FileID = N.FileID
  59.      WHERE M.Date_CD =  CAST(REPLACE(CONVERT(varchar(10),GETDATE(),120),'-','') AS INT)
  60.      ) TMP
  61.      ON
  62.      (
  63.             DM.Date_CD       = TMP.Date_CD     AND
  64.             DM.DatabaseId    = TMP.DataBaseId  AND
  65.             DM.FileId        = TMP.FileId
  66.      )
  67.      WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE SET
  68.         DM.Growth_MOM_RAT = TMP.Growth_MOM_RAT;
  69. END    
  70. GO

顺便吐槽一下:由于前两年一直使用ORACLE数据库,很少接触SQL SERVER,在实现上面功能的时候,我深深的体会到了ORACLE和SQL SERVER的巨大差距,如果用PL/SQL实现,那非常方便快捷,但是用T-SQL让我遇到了几个相当痛苦地方,下面顺便记录对比一下吧:

 
一:由于我采用INT来保存日期数据,那么需要在DATE类型和INT类型之间转换,我们来对比一下两者的差别吧:
 
 
1.1 DATE类型转换为整型:
 
T-SQL:
   
SELECT CAST(REPLACE(CONVERT(varchar(10),GETDATE(),120),'-','') AS INT);
 
PL/SQL:
 
SELECT TO_CHAR(Date_CD, 'YYYYMMDD') FROM DUAL;
 
 
1.2 整型转换为DATE类型(字段DATE_CD)
 
T-SQL:
   
    SELECT CAST(CAST(DATE_CD AS CHAR(8)) AS DATE) FROM TEST;
 
PL/SQL:
 
    SELECT TO_DATE(DATE_CD, 'YYYY-MM-DD') FROM TEST;
 
结论: 纯属个人感受,从上面的脚本的简单性,方便性上,感觉ORACLE完胜SQL SERVER
 
 
二:计算数据文件增长同比、环比值
 
 
  1:SQL SERVER 2005 没有MERGE语句功能,上面的脚本得改写成
 
Code Snippet
  1. UPDATEdbo.DiskCapacityHistory
  2.  SET     GROWTH_MOM_RAT =( SELECTCASE WHEN N.SIZE IS NULL
  3.                                             OR N.SIZE = 0 THEN 0
  4.                                        ELSE ( dbo.DiskCapacityHistory.SIZE
  5.                                               - N.SIZE ) / N.SIZE
  6.                                   END AS Growth_MOM_RAT
  7.                          FROM     dbo.DiskCapacityHistory N
  8.                          WHERE    CAST(CAST(dbo.DiskCapacityHistory.Date_CD AS CHAR(8)) AS DATE) = DATEADD(MONTH,
  9.                                                             1,
  10.                                                             CAST(CAST(N.Date_CD AS CHAR(8)) AS DATE))
  11.                                   AND dbo.DiskCapacityHistory.DataBaseID = N.DataBaseID
  12.                                   AND dbo.DiskCapacityHistory.FileID = N.FileID
  13.                        )
  14.  WHEREdbo.DiskCapacityHistory.Date_CD = CAST(REPLACE(CONVERT(VARCHAR(10), GETDATE(), 120),
  15.                                                      '-', '') AS INT)
  16.  
  17. UPDATEdbo.DiskCapacityHistory
  18.  SET     GROWTH_YOY_RAT =( SELECTCASE WHEN N.SIZE IS NULL
  19.                                             OR N.SIZE = 0 THEN 0
  20.                                        ELSE ( dbo.DiskCapacityHistory.SIZE
  21.                                               - N.SIZE ) / N.SIZE
  22.                                   END AS Growth_YOY_RAT
  23.                          FROM     dbo.DiskCapacityHistory N
  24.                          WHERE    CAST(CAST(dbo.DiskCapacityHistory.Date_CD AS CHAR(8)) AS DATE) = DATEADD(MONTH,
  25.                                                             12,
  26.                                                             CAST(CAST(N.Date_CD AS CHAR(8)) AS DATE))
  27.                                   AND dbo.DiskCapacityHistory.DataBaseID = N.DataBaseID
  28.                                   AND dbo.DiskCapacityHistory.FileID = N.FileID
  29.                        )
  30.  WHEREdbo.DiskCapacityHistory.Date_CD = CAST(REPLACE(CONVERT(VARCHAR(10), GETDATE(), 120),
  31.                                                      '-', '') AS INT)
Code Snippet
  1. CREATE TABLE #DiskCapacityHistory
  2.     (
  3.       DATE_CD INT ,
  4.       DataBaseID INT ,
  5.       FileID INT ,
  6.       Growth_MOM_RAT FLOAT
  7.     ) ;
  8.  
  9.   INSERTINTO #DiskCapacityHistory
  10.         SELECT  M.DATE_CD ,
  11.                 M.DataBaseID ,
  12.                 M.FileID ,
  13.                 CASE WHEN N.SIZE IS NULL
  14.                           OR N.SIZE = 0 THEN 0
  15.                      ELSE ( M.SIZE - N.SIZE ) / N.SIZE
  16.                 END AS Growth_MOM_RAT
  17.         FROM    dbo.DiskCapacityHistory M ,
  18.                 dbo.DiskCapacityHistory N
  19.         WHERE   CAST(CAST(M.Date_CD AS CHAR(8)) AS DATE) = DATEADD(MONTH, 1,
  20.                                                               CAST(CAST(N.Date_CD AS CHAR(8)) AS DATE))
  21.                 AND M.DataBaseID = N.DataBaseID
  22.                 AND M.FileID = N.FileID
  23.                 AND M.Date_CD = CAST(REPLACE(CONVERT(VARCHAR(10), GETDATE()
  24.                                              - 1, 120), '-', '') AS INT)
  25.  
  26.   UPDATE dbo.DiskCapacityHistory
  27.      SET Growth_MOM_RAT = M.Growth_MOM_RAT
  28.     FROM #DiskCapacityHistory M
  29.    WHERE dbo.DiskCapacityHistory.DATE_CD = M.DATE_CD
  30.         AND dbo.DiskCapacityHistory.DataBaseID = M.DataBaseID
  31.         AND dbo.DiskCapacityHistory.FileID = M.FileID ;

 

  2: 幸好SQL 2008还把ORACLE的MERGE的功能给模仿了过来,但是T-SQL缺少ORACLE数据库强大的分析函数LAG,如果有这个,我计算环比,同比就非常方便了,一个SQL就搞定了,下面是个例子,本想把ORACLE的SQL也做个例子展现,但是又要建表、造数,折腾起来比较麻烦。

Oracle Sample
  1. MERGE INTO DM.TM_WGGBO_IDCTOBUSVOLDTL_DAY DM
  2. USING    (
  3.              SELECT *
  4.                FROM (
  5.                        SELECT    DATE_CD,
  6.                                  CITY_ID,
  7.                                  IDC_NODE,
  8.                                  VOL_TYPE,
  9.                                  LAG(IDC_VOL_RAT   ) OVER(PARTITION BY CITY_ID,IDC_NODE,VOL_TYPE,SUBSTR(DATE_CD,7,2) ORDER BY SUBSTR(DATE_CD,0,6)) AS IDC_MOM_RAT                ,
  10.                                  LAG(IDC_VOL_RAT   ) OVER(PARTITION BY CITY_ID,IDC_NODE,VOL_TYPE,SUBSTR(DATE_CD,5,4) ORDER BY SUBSTR(DATE_CD,0,4)) AS IDC_YOY_RAT                 ,
  11.                                        
  12.                          FROM DM.TM_WGGBO_IDCTOBUSVOLDTL_DAY
  13.                        ) T
  14.                  WHERE EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM ETL.T_IDCVOL_DAY_${ssid} WHERE DATE_CD = T.DATE_CD)
  15.           ) TEMP
  16.                         ON (
  17.                                 DM.DATE_CD     = TEMP.DATE_CD     AND
  18.                                 DM.CITY_ID     = TEMP.CITY_ID     AND
  19.                                 DM.IDC_NODE    = TEMP.IDC_NODE    AND
  20.                                 DM.VOL_TYPE    = TEMP.VOL_TYPE
  21.                                 )
  22. WHEN MATCHED THEN
  23.   UPDATE
  24.        SET DM.IDC_MOM_RAT    =       TEMP.IDC_MOM_RAT                    ,
  25.            DM.IDC_YOY_RAT    =       TEMP.IDC_YOY_RAT                     
  26. ;
  27. COMMIT;

 

作者: 潇湘隐者

本文版权归作者和博客园共有,欢迎转载,但未经作者同意必须保留此段声明,且在文章页面明显位置给出原文连接.
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