django使用通用视图 django.views.generic

views.py

#coding=utf-8

from django.shortcuts import render
from django.views.generic import ListView, DetailView

from .models import Book
# Create your views here.
"""
def book_route(request):
	return render(request, "book.html",{"books":Book.objects.all()})

def book_detail(request, key):
	book = Book.objects.all().get(id = key)
	return render(request, "book_intro.html", {"book":book})
"""

class BookRoute(ListView):
	model = Book
	template_name = "book.html"
	context_object_name = "books"

class BookDetail(DetailView):
	model = Book
	context_object_name = "book"
	template_name = "book_intro.html"

urls.py

#coding=utf-8

"""django_book URL Configuration

The `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see:
    https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.8/topics/http/urls/
Examples:
Function views
    1. Add an import:  from my_app import views
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  url(r'^$', views.home, name='home')
Class-based views
    1. Add an import:  from other_app.views import Home
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  url(r'^$', Home.as_view(), name='home')
Including another URLconf
    1. Add an import:  from blog import urls as blog_urls
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  url(r'^blog/', include(blog_urls))
"""
from django.conf.urls import include, url
from django.contrib import admin
from django.conf.urls import patterns

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^admin/', include(admin.site.urls)),

	#可以将这种格式精简成下面patterns的前缀格式
    #url(r'^books/$', "books.views.book_route", name="books_book"),
    #url(r'^books/(?P<key>.+)/$', "books.views.book_detail", name="books_detail"),

    #url(r'^contactus/$', "django_forms.views.contactus", name="django_form_contactus"),
    #url(r'^contactus/thanks/', "django_forms.views.thanks", name="django_form_thanks"),

	#使用include来实现,include下的子视图都会受到username的捕获参数
	#使用include做前置匹配，不做后置匹配
	#使用include来协同工作，最低降低了app的耦合度
	#如果在这里使用额外参数kwargs={...},则include的所有views都会收到该参数
	url(r'^(?P<username>[a-zA-Z0-9]+)/blog/', include('advanced_views.urls')),
	url(r'^generic/$', include('generic_views.urls')),
]

#采用pattern的写法，减少view的编写
from books.views import BookRoute, BookDetail

urlpatterns += patterns("books.views",
		#url(r'^books/$', "book_route", name="books_book"),
		url(r'^books/$', BookRoute.as_view(), name="books_book"),
		#url(r'^books/(?P<key>.+)/$', "book_detail", name="books_detail"),

		#这个地方必须使用数据库表中的字段名称(pk是默认实现的主键)
		#该字段会自动用来筛选出某个数据项，并将数据项传递给context_object_name
		url(r'^books/(?P<pk>.+)/$', BookDetail.as_view(), name="books_detail"),
)

#django_forms的views
urlpatterns += patterns("django_forms.views",
		url(r'^contactus/$', "contactus", name="django_form_contactus"),
		url(r'^contactus/thanks/', "thanks", name="django_form_thanks", kwargs={"template_name":"django_forms/thanks.html"}),
)