Array 类说明
函数名称 | 说明 | 示例 |
& | 数组与,返回两数组的交集(得到的结果顺序以前一个顺序为准,看例子) | [ 1,2] & [2,3]» [ 2] [1,2]&[1,2,3] = [1,2] [2,1]&[1,2,3] = [2,1] [2,1,3]&[1,2] = [2,1] [1,3,2]&[3,1] = [1,3] |
* | 复制数组 n 次 | [ 1,2]*2 »[ 1,2,1,2] |
+ | 返回两数组的并集,但不排除重复元素 | [ 1,2]+[2,3]» [ 1,2,2,3] |
<</strong><</strong> | 追加元素,但不排除重复元素 | [1,2]<<[2,3]» [ 1,2,2,3] |
| | 追加元素,但排除重复元素 | 1,2] | [2,3] »[ 1,2,3] |
- | 返回第一个数组与第二个数组不同的元 素 | [ 1,2]-[2,3]» [ 1] |
<=> | 比较数组 | [1,2]<=>[2,3]» fl ase |
== | 比较数组,若所有元素均相等时返回真 | [ 1,2]==[2,1]» fl ase |
assoc | 从数组的每个元素中寻找指定对象 | [[ 1,2],[3,4]].assoc(2)» [ 1,2] |
at | 找到数组的第 N 个元素 负数表示逆向查找 | [ "a","b","c","d","e"].at(0) »" a" ["a","b","c","d","e"].at(-1)» " e" |
clear | 删除数组中的所有元素 | [ "a","b","c","d","e"]. clear |
collect collect ! | 用一个过程块对数组的每个元素进行处 理 | [ "a","b","c","d"].collect {|x| x + "!" } » [ "a!", "b!", "c!", "d!"] |
compact compact! | 删除值为 nil 的元素后生成新数组并返 回它 | [ "a",nil,"b",nil,"c",nil].compact » [ "a", "b", "c"] |
d elete | 删除元素,如果元素重复,全部删除 | a = [ "a", "b", "b", "b", "c" ] a.delete("b") pu t s a» ["a","c"] |
d elete_at | 删除 p o s 所指位置的元素并返回它。若 p o s 超出数组范围则返回 nil | a = %w( ant bat cat dog ) a.delete_at(2) »" c at" a » ["ant", "bat", "dog"] a.delete_at(99) »n i l |
d elete_if | 根据条件删除 | a = [ "a", "b", "c" ] a.delete_if {|x| x >= "b" }» [ "a"] |
each | 对数组的每个元素按值进行迭代操作 | a = [ "a", "b", "c" ] a.each {|x| print x, " -- " } » " a -- b -- c --" |
each_index | 对数组的每个元素按索引进行迭代操作 | a = [ "a", "b", "c" ] a.each_index {|x| print x, " -- " } » " 0 -- 1 -- 2--" |
empty? | 判断数组是否为空,为空则返回真 | []. empty? »t rue |
eql ! | 比较两数组是否相等 | [ "a","b","c"].eql?(["a","b","c"]) »t rue |
fill | 填充数组 | [ "a","b","c","d"].fill("x") » [ "x","x","x","x"] ["a","b","c","d"].fill("z", 2,2) » [ "x", "x", "z", "z"] |
fi rst | 返回数组的首元素。若没有首元素则返 回 nil | [ "q", "r", "s", "t" ].first »"q " |
l ast | 返回数组末尾的元素。若数组为空时, 返回 nil | [" w ", " x" , "y " ," z"].last »" z" |
i nclude? | 判断数组中是否包含元素 | a = [ "a", "b", "c" ] a.include?("b") »t rue a.include?("z")» f alse |
i nd ex | 返回数组中第一个==v a l 的元素的位置 | a = [ "a", "b", "c" ] a.index("b") » 1a.index("z") » ni l |
i nd exes | 以数组形式返回其索引值与各参数值相 等的元素 | a = [ "a", "b", "c", "d", "e", "f", "g" ] a.indexes(0, 2, 4) »[ " a", "c","e"] a.indexes( 2, 4, 12) »[ "c", "e", nil] |
i n sert | 在索引为 n t h 的元素前面插入第 2 参数 以后的值 | ary = %w(foo bar baz) ary.insert 2,'a','b' p ary » [" f oo", "bar", "a", "b", "baz"] |
j o in | 将数组元素按一定的分隔符连接起来 | [ "a", "b", "c" ].join »" abc" [ "a", "b", "c" ].join("-") »" a-b-c" |
l ength size | 返回数组长度。若数组为空则返回 0 | [ 1,2,3].length» 3 [1,2,3].size» 3 | ||
n it ems | 返回非 nil 元素的个数 | [ 1, nil, 3, nil, 5 ].nitems »3 | ||
p o p | 删除末尾元素并返回它。若数组为空则 返回 nil | a = [ "a", "m", "z" ] a.pop » "z" p a » [" a", "m"] | ||
pu s h | 添加新元素 | [ "a","b"].push(['1','2']) » ["a", "b", ["1", "2"]] | ||
rassoc | 遍历数组每个元素(元素必须是数组), 匹配索引为 1 的值是否与查找的字符相 等,返回第一个相等的元素 | a = [[15,1], [25,2], [35,2]] p a.rassoc(2) »[ 25, 2] | ||
replace | 替换数组元素 | a = ["a","b"] a.replace(["x","y","z"]) p a » ["x" , "y", "z"] | ||
reverse reverse ! | 将所有元素以逆序重新排列生成新数组 并返回它 | [ " a","b","c"].reverse » [" c", "b", "a"] | ||
rindex | 返回最后一个值相等的元素的索引值 | a = [ "a","b","b","b","c"] a.rindex("b") »3 | ||
shift | 删除数组的首元素并返回它。剩余元素 依次提前。若数组为空返回 nil。 | args = ["-m","-q","filename"] args.shift »" -m" args » [" - q" ,"filename"] | ||
sort sort! | 从小到大排序 | a = [ "d", "a", "e", "c", "b" ] a.sort » [" a " ,"b", "c", "d", "e"] | ||
un i q uniq! | 删除数组中的重复元素后生成新数组并 返回它 | a = [ "a", "a", "b", "b", "c" ] a.uniq » [" a " ,"b", "c"] | ||
un s hi f t | 在数组第一个元素前添加元素 | a = [ "b", "c", "d" ] a.unshift("a") »[ " a" , "b", "c", "d"] | ||
t o_ s | 将数组的所有元素连接成字符串 | [ "a","e","i","o"].to_s »" aeio" |