示例:
先来一段代码MyServlet.java
OutputStream os = response.getOutputStream();
response.reset();
// response.addHeader("Cache-Control", "no-transform, max-age=0");
response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
response.setContentType("application/vnd.ms-excel");
String filename = java.net.URLEncoder.encode("电子订单", "UTF-8");
response.setHeader("content-disposition", "attachment;filename=" + filename + ".xls");
os.write(exportExcel.exportExcelWithMultiSheets("电子订单", headers, keys, lists, "yyyy-mm-dd",sheetNames));
os.flush();
os.close();
示例care1:
response.setContentType(“application/vnd.ms-excel”);
response.setCharacterEncoding(“UTF-8”);
API - javax.servlet.ServletResponse.setContentType(String type)
Sets the content type of the response being sent to the client, if the response has not been committed yet. The given content type may include a character encoding specification, for example, text/html;charset=UTF-8. The response’s character encoding is only set from the given content type if this method is called before getWriter is called.
给定的type里面可以包含编码描述,比如说text/html;charset-UTF-8
API - javax.servlet.ServletResponse.setCharacterEncoding(String charset)
Sets the character encoding (MIME charset) of the response being sent to the client, for example, to UTF-8. If the character encoding has already been set by setContentType or setLocale, this method overrides it. Calling setContentType with the String of text/html and calling this method with the String of UTF-8 is equivalent with calling setContentType with the String of text/html; charset=UTF-8.
如果编码已经通过setContentType指定,这个方法会重新设置编码。调用
setContentType(“text/html”);
setCharacterEncoding(“UTF-8”);等同于
setContentType(“text/html;charset=UTF-8”);
HTTP content-type 对照表
MIME TYPE:也就是资源的媒体类型
示例care2:
response.setHeader(“content-disposition”, “attachment;filename=” + filename + “.xls”);
Content-disposition (C++版介绍)
Content-disposition 是 MIME 协议的扩展,MIME 协议指示 MIME 用户代理如何显示附加的文件。当 Internet Explorer 接收到头时,它会激活文件下载对话框,它的文件名框自动填充了头中指定的文件名。(请注意,这是设计导致的;无法使用此功能将文档保存到用户的计算机上,而不向用户询问保存位置。)
服务端向客户端游览器发送文件时,如果是浏览器支持的文件类型,一般会默认使用浏览器打开,比如txt、jpg等,会直接在浏览器中显示,如果需要提示用户保存,就要利用Content-Disposition进行一下处理,关键在于一定要加上attachment:
response.setHeader(“Content-Disposition”,”attachment;filename=FileName.txt”);
备注:这样浏览器会提示保存还是打开,即使选择打开,也会使用相关联的程序比如记事本打开,而不是IE直接打开了。
Content-Disposition就是当用户想把请求所得的内容存为一个文件的时候提供一个默认的文件名。具体的定义如下:
content-disposition = “Content-Disposition” “:”
disposition-type *( “;” disposition-parm )
disposition-type = “attachment” | disp-extension-token
disposition-parm = filename-parm | disp-extension-parm
filename-parm = “filename” “=” quoted-string
disp-extension-token = token
disp-extension-parm = token “=” ( token | quoted-string )
那么由上可知具体的例子:
Content-Disposition: attachment; filename=“filename.xls”
当然filename参数可以包含路径信息,但User-Agnet会忽略掉这些信息,只会把路径信息的最后一部分做为文件名。当你在响应类型为application/octet- stream情况下使用了这个头信息的话,那就意味着你不想直接显示内容,而是弹出一个”文件下载”的对话框,接下来就是由你来决定“打开”还是“保存” 了。
注意事项:
1.当代码里面使用Content-Disposition来确保浏览器弹出下载对话框的时候。 response.addHeader(“Content-Disposition”,”attachment”);一定要确保没有做过关于禁止浏览器缓存的操作。如下:
response.setHeader(“Pragma”, “No-cache”);
response.setHeader(“Cache-Control”, “No-cache”);
response.setDateHeader(“Expires”, 0);
不然会发现下载功能在opera和firefox里面好好的没问题,在IE下面就是不行,就是找不到文件。