二叉索引树（树状数组）

BIT标准用法：动态修改元素或求前缀和

例题：http://cojs.tk/cogs/problem/problem.php?pid=1316

//inline int lowbit(int x) { return x&(x^(x-1)); }
inline int lowbit(int x) { return x&-x; }

struct FenwickTree {
  int n;
  vector<int> C;

  void resize(int n) { this->n = n; C.resize(n); }
  void clear() { fill(C.begin(), C.end(), 0); }

  // 计算A[1]+A[2]+...+A[x] (x<=n)
  int sum(int x) {
    int ret = 0;
    while(x > 0) {
      ret += C[x]; x -= lowbit(x);
    }
    return ret;
  }

  // A[x] += d (1<=x<=n)
  void add(int x, int d) {
    while(x <= n) {
      C[x] += d; x += lowbit(x);
    }
  }
};