Ruby快速入门（2）Array

Array(数组)是Ruby最重要的有序容器。

>> animals = ['lions', 'tigers', 'bears'] => ["lions", "tigers", "bears"] >> puts animals lions tigers bears => nil >> animals[0] => "lions" >> animals[2] => "bears" >> animals[10] => nil >> animals[-1] => "bears" >> animals[-2] => "tigers" >> animals[0..1] => ['lions', 'tigers'] >> (0..1).class => Range

从代码中可以看出，你几乎可以随心所欲地使用数组。

数组还支持倒序的访问，animals[-2]表示倒数第2个元素。animals[0..1]表示一个区间，包含前两个元素。

>> a = [] => [] >> [1].class => Array >> [1].methods.include?('[]') => true >> # use [1].methods.include?(:[]) on ruby 1.9 >> a[0] = 'zero' => "zero" >> a[1] = 1 => 1 >> a[2] = ['two', 'things'] => ["two", "things"] >> a => ["zero", 1, ["two", "things"]] >> a = [[1, 2, 3], [10, 20, 30], [40, 50, 60]] => [[1, 2, 3], [10, 20, 30], [40, 50, 60]] >> a[0][0] => 1 >> a[1][2] => 30 >> a = [1] => [1] >> a.push(1) => [1, 1] >> a = [1] => [1] >> a.push(2) => [1, 2] >> a.pop => 2 >> a.pop => 1

数组中的元素可以是不同类型，甚至可以是数组，由此构成了多维数组。

Array的API极其丰富，你甚至可以把它当作队列、链表、栈、集合来使用。