Android应用经常会和服务器端交互,这就需要手机客户端发送网络请求,下面介绍四种常用网络请求方式,我这边是通过Android单元测试来完成这四种方法的,还不清楚Android的单元测试的同学们请看Android开发技巧总结中的Android单元测试的步骤一文。
java.net包中的HttpURLConnection类
Get方式:
- // Get方式请求
- public static void requestByGet() throws Exception {
- String path = "https://reg.163.com/logins.jsp?id=helloworld&pwd=android";
- // 新建一个URL对象
- URL url = new URL(path);
- // 打开一个HttpURLConnection连接
- HttpURLConnection urlConn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
- // 设置连接超时时间
- urlConn.setConnectTimeout(5 * 1000);
- // 开始连接
- urlConn.connect();
- // 判断请求是否成功
- if (urlConn.getResponseCode() == HTTP_200) {
- // 获取返回的数据
- byte[] data = readStream(urlConn.getInputStream());
- Log.i(TAG_GET, "Get方式请求成功,返回数据如下:");
- Log.i(TAG_GET, new String(data, "UTF-8"));
- } else {
- Log.i(TAG_GET, "Get方式请求失败");
- }
- // 关闭连接
- urlConn.disconnect();
- }
Post方式:
- // Post方式请求
- public static void requestByPost() throws Throwable {
- String path = "https://reg.163.com/logins.jsp";
- // 请求的参数转换为byte数组
- String params = "id=" + URLEncoder.encode("helloworld", "UTF-8")
- + "&pwd=" + URLEncoder.encode("android", "UTF-8");
- byte[] postData = params.getBytes();
- // 新建一个URL对象
- URL url = new URL(path);
- // 打开一个HttpURLConnection连接
- HttpURLConnection urlConn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
- // 设置连接超时时间
- urlConn.setConnectTimeout(5 * 1000);
- // Post请求必须设置允许输出
- urlConn.setDoOutput(true);
- // Post请求不能使用缓存
- urlConn.setUseCaches(false);
- // 设置为Post请求
- urlConn.setRequestMethod("POST");
- urlConn.setInstanceFollowRedirects(true);
- // 配置请求Content-Type
- urlConn.setRequestProperty("Content-Type",
- "application/x-www-form-urlencode");
- // 开始连接
- urlConn.connect();
- // 发送请求参数
- DataOutputStream dos = new DataOutputStream(urlConn.getOutputStream());
- dos.write(postData);
- dos.flush();
- dos.close();
- // 判断请求是否成功
- if (urlConn.getResponseCode() == HTTP_200) {
- // 获取返回的数据
- byte[] data = readStream(urlConn.getInputStream());
- Log.i(TAG_POST, "Post请求方式成功,返回数据如下:");
- Log.i(TAG_POST, new String(data, "UTF-8"));
- } else {
- Log.i(TAG_POST, "Post方式请求失败");
- }
- }
org.apache.http包中的HttpGet和HttpPost类
Get方式:
- // HttpGet方式请求
- public static void requestByHttpGet() throws Exception {
- String path = "https://reg.163.com/logins.jsp?id=helloworld&pwd=android";
- // 新建HttpGet对象
- HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(path);
- // 获取HttpClient对象
- HttpClient httpClient = new DefaultHttpClient();
- // 获取HttpResponse实例
- HttpResponse httpResp = httpClient.execute(httpGet);
- // 判断是够请求成功
- if (httpResp.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == HTTP_200) {
- // 获取返回的数据
- String result = EntityUtils.toString(httpResp.getEntity(), "UTF-8");
- Log.i(TAG_HTTPGET, "HttpGet方式请求成功,返回数据如下:");
- Log.i(TAG_HTTPGET, result);
- } else {
- Log.i(TAG_HTTPGET, "HttpGet方式请求失败");
- }
- }
Post方式:
- // HttpPost方式请求
- public static void requestByHttpPost() throws Exception {
- String path = "https://reg.163.com/logins.jsp";
- // 新建HttpPost对象
- HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(path);
- // Post参数
- List<NameValuePair> params = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();
- params.add(new BasicNameValuePair("id", "helloworld"));
- params.add(new BasicNameValuePair("pwd", "android"));
- // 设置字符集
- HttpEntity entity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(params, HTTP.UTF_8);
- // 设置参数实体
- httpPost.setEntity(entity);
- // 获取HttpClient对象
- HttpClient httpClient = new DefaultHttpClient();
- // 获取HttpResponse实例
- HttpResponse httpResp = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
- // 判断是够请求成功
- if (httpResp.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == HTTP_200) {
- // 获取返回的数据
- String result = EntityUtils.toString(httpResp.getEntity(), "UTF-8");
- Log.i(TAG_HTTPGET, "HttpPost方式请求成功,返回数据如下:");
- Log.i(TAG_HTTPGET, result);
- } else {
- Log.i(TAG_HTTPGET, "HttpPost方式请求失败");
- }
- }
以上是一些部分代码,测试的时候在测试类中运行对应的测试方法即可。完整代码点这里下载
以流的方式向服务器发送数据:
//HTTP连接管理
public class HTTPManager {
private static final int TIMEOUT = 5000;
private static HTTPManager instance;
private HttpURLConnection conn;
private InputStream is;
private OutputStream os;
// 控制是否是服务器404错误
public static boolean isStatusFail = false;
//wap网络
private static final String NETWORK_INFO_CTWAP = "ctwap";
private static final String NETWORK_INFO_CMWAP = "cmwap";
private static final String CDMA_HOSTNAME = "10.0.0.200";
private static final String GSM_HOSTNAME = "10.0.0.172";
private static final int PORT = 80;
public static HTTPManager getInstance() {
if (instance == null) {
instance = new HTTPManager();
}
return instance;
}
/**
* 获取当前可用网络, 并对相应网络设置代理
* @param url
*/
private void setProxy(Context context, URL url){
Proxy typeProxy = null;
String apn = ApnUtil.getApnType(context);
if(NETWORK_INFO_CTWAP.equals(apn)){
SocketAddress addr = new InetSocketAddress(CDMA_HOSTNAME, PORT);
typeProxy = new Proxy(Proxy.Type.HTTP, addr);
}else if(NETWORK_INFO_CMWAP.equals(apn)){
SocketAddress addr = new InetSocketAddress(GSM_HOSTNAME, PORT);
typeProxy = new Proxy(Proxy.Type.HTTP, addr);
}
try {
if(typeProxy != null){
conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection(typeProxy);
} else {
conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
// HTTP连接
@SuppressWarnings("unused")
public final String HTTPConnect(Context context, String urlString, String upload) {
String result = null;
BufferedReader rd = null;
URL url = null;
conn = null;
os = null;
try {
url = new URL(urlString);
setProxy(context, url);// 设置代理
if (conn == null) {
conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
}
conn.setConnectTimeout(TIMEOUT);// 设置超时
conn.setReadTimeout(TIMEOUT); // 缓存的最长时间
conn.setDoInput(true);// 允许输入
conn.setDoOutput(true);// 允许输出
conn.setUseCaches(false); // 不允许使用缓存
conn.setRequestProperty("connection", "keep-alive");
conn.setRequestProperty("Charset", "UTF-8");
conn.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "text/xml");
if (upload != null) {
byte[] dataUpdate = upload.getBytes("UTF-8");
os = conn.getOutputStream();
os.write(dataUpdate);
}
int status = 200;
try {
status = conn.getResponseCode();
if (status == HttpStatus.SC_NOT_FOUND) {
isStatusFail = true;
return null;
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
is = conn.getInputStream();
byte[] temp = new byte[256];
int len = 0;
while ((len = is.read(temp)) != -1) {
baos.write(temp, 0, len);
}
byte[] dataResult = baos.toByteArray();
result = new String(dataResult, "UTF-8");
is.close();
is = null;
if (os != null) {
os.close();
os = null;
}
conn = null;
url = null;
} catch (MalformedURLException e) {
} catch (IOException e) {
} catch (Exception e) {
}
return result;
}
/**
* 强制断开连接
* @return
*/
public boolean killConnection() {
try {
if (is != null) {
is.close();
is = null;
}
if (os != null) {
os.close();
os = null;
}
if (conn != null) {
conn = null;
}
} catch (Exception e) {
return false;
}
return true;
}
}