SpringBoot-启动流程分析

SpringBoot核心启动类的SpringApplication流程分析。上一篇用SpringBoot快速搭建并启动了一个WEB服务。有两个点与Spring的项目启动有不同,这里我们分析SpringApplication的启动流程。更一篇才是说明关于@SpringBootApplication的SpringBoot注释做说明《SpringBoot-自动配置源码解析》,通过这两个点我们可以对SpringBoot的运行机制做一个比较细致的了解。
这一篇将从SpringApplication.run();开始:

/**
 * Static helper that can be used to run a {@link SpringApplication} from the
 * specified source using default settings.
 * @param source the source to load
 * @param args the application arguments (usually passed from a Java main method)
 * @return the running {@link ApplicationContext}
 */
public static ConfigurableApplicationContext run(Object source, String... args) {
    return run(new Object[] { source }, args);
}

进入重构run()方法

/**
 * Static helper that can be used to run a {@link SpringApplication} from the
 * specified sources using default settings and user supplied arguments.
 * @param sources the sources to load
 * @param args the application arguments (usually passed from a Java main method)
 * @return the running {@link ApplicationContext}
 */
public static ConfigurableApplicationContext run(Object[] sources, String[] args) {
    return new SpringApplication(sources).run(args);
}

从这里可以看到首先创建了一个SpringApplication实例,然后在调用的其run()方法。首先我们先去创建实例这一流程:

/**
 * Create a new {@link SpringApplication} instance. The application context will load
 * beans from the specified sources (see {@link SpringApplication class-level}
 * documentation for details. The instance can be customized before calling
 * {@link #run(String...)}.
 * @param sources the bean sources
 * @see #run(Object, String[])
 * @see #SpringApplication(ResourceLoader, Object...)
 */
public SpringApplication(Object... sources) {
    initialize(sources);
}

可以看到其调用了initialize()方法

@SuppressWarnings({ "unchecked", "rawtypes" })
private void initialize(Object[] sources) {
    if (sources != null && sources.length > 0) {
        this.sources.addAll(Arrays.asList(sources));
    }
    this.webEnvironment = deduceWebEnvironment();
    setInitializers((Collection) getSpringFactoriesInstances(
            ApplicationContextInitializer.class));
    setListeners((Collection) getSpringFactoriesInstances(ApplicationListener.class));
    this.mainApplicationClass = deduceMainApplicationClass();
}

从面的代码可以看到初始化过程做了以下几件事情
this.webEnvironment = deduceWebEnvironment();
这一个方法决定创建的是一个WEB应用还是一个SPRING的标准Standalone应用。如果入方法可以看到其是怎么判断的:

private boolean deduceWebEnvironment() {
    for (String className : WEB_ENVIRONMENT_CLASSES) {
        if (!ClassUtils.isPresent(className, null)) {
            return false;
        }
    }
    return true;
}

可以看到是根据org.springframework.util.ClassUtils的静态方法去判断classpath里面是否有WEB_ENVIRONMENT_CLASSES包含的类,如果有都包含则返回true则表示启动一个WEB应用,否则返回false启动一个标准Spring的应用。然后通过代码:

private static final String[] WEB_ENVIRONMENT_CLASSES = 
          { "javax.servlet.Servlet",
            "org.springframework.web.context.ConfigurableWebApplicationContext" };

可以看到是否启动一个WEB应用就是取决于classpath下是否有javax.servlet.Servlet和
org.springframework.web.context.ConfigurableWebApplicationContext。然后进入下一个阶段:

setInitializers((Collection) getSpringFactoriesInstances(ApplicationContextInitializer.class));

这个方法则是初始化classpath下的所有的可用的ApplicationContextInitializer

setListeners((Collection) getSpringFactoriesInstances(ApplicationListener.class));

这个方法则是初使化classpath下的所有的可用的ApplicationListener

this.mainApplicationClass = deduceMainApplicationClass();
private Class<?> deduceMainApplicationClass() {
    try {
        StackTraceElement[] stackTrace = new RuntimeException().getStackTrace();
        for (StackTraceElement stackTraceElement : stackTrace) {
            if ("main".equals(stackTraceElement.getMethodName())) {
                return Class.forName(stackTraceElement.getClassName());
            }
        }
    }
    catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
        // Swallow and continue
    }
    return null;
}

最后找出main方法的全类名并返回其实例并设置到SpringApplication的this.mainApplicationClass完成初始化。然后调用SpringApplication实例的run方法来启动应用,代码如下:

/**
 * Run the Spring application, creating and refreshing a new
 * {@link ApplicationContext}.
 * @param args the application arguments (usually passed from a Java main method)
 * @return a running {@link ApplicationContext}
 */
public ConfigurableApplicationContext run(String... args) {
    StopWatch stopWatch = new StopWatch();
    stopWatch.start();
    ConfigurableApplicationContext context = null;
    configureHeadlessProperty();
    SpringApplicationRunListeners listeners = getRunListeners(args);
    listeners.started();
    try {
        ApplicationArguments applicationArguments = new DefaultApplicationArguments(
                args);
        ConfigurableEnvironment environment = prepareEnvironment(listeners,
                applicationArguments);
        Banner printedBanner = printBanner(environment);
        context = createApplicationContext();
        prepareContext(context, environment, listeners, applicationArguments,
                printedBanner);
        refreshContext(context);
        afterRefresh(context, applicationArguments);
        listeners.finished(context, null);
        stopWatch.stop();
        if (this.logStartupInfo) {
            new StartupInfoLogger(this.mainApplicationClass)
                    .logStarted(getApplicationLog(), stopWatch);
        }
        return context;
    }
    catch (Throwable ex) {
        handleRunFailure(context, listeners, ex);
        throw new IllegalStateException(ex);
    }
}

由于过程比较长,则把详细说明放入下一篇博客进行说明,这里只做简要的过程说明run()方法的代码中:蓝色部分为加载SpringApplicationRunListener对整个容器的初始化过程进行监听,这里先不做解释,然后先观察剩下的几行的代码:

ApplicationArguments applicationArguments = new DefaultApplicationArguments(args);
ConfigurableEnvironment environment = prepareEnvironment(listeners, applicationArguments);
Banner printedBanner = printBanner(environment);
context = createApplicationContext();
prepareContext(context, environment, listeners, applicationArguments, printedBanner);
refreshContext(context);
afterRefresh(context, applicationArguments);

首先是获取启动时传入参数args并初始化为ApplicationArguments对象
SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);取这里传入值。
然后配置SpringBoot应用的环境:

ConfigurableEnvironment environment = prepareEnvironment(listeners, applicationArguments);

下面的则打印标志这个方法不说明,因为没有什么实质性作用,反应到控制台则是以下的效果如果确实想玩玩修改一下标志,那可以在项目的classpath下新建一个banner.txt文件,把想打印到控制台的数据放到文件中即可。比如:
src/main/resources/banner.txt中加入以下内容:

 _       _   _   _  __    __  _   _   _____       _   _       ___  
| |     | | | | | | \ \  / / | | | | | ____|     | | | |     /   | 
| |     | | | | | |  \ \/ /  | | | | | |__       | | | |    / /| | 
| |     | | | | | |   }  {   | | | | |  __|   _  | | | |   / / | | 
| |___  | | | |_| |  / /\ \  | |_| | | |___  | |_| | | |  / /  | | 
|_____| |_| \_____/ /_/  \_\ \_____/ |_____| \_____/ |_| /_/   |_| 

那么启动的时候就可以看到些标识。
然后下面代码就是比较核心的:

context = createApplicationContext();
prepareContext(context, environment, listeners, applicationArguments, printedBanner);
refreshContext(context);
afterRefresh(context, applicationArguments);

首先是createApplicationContext()方法:

/**
 * Strategy method used to create the {@link ApplicationContext}. By default this
 * method will respect any explicitly set application context or application context
 * class before falling back to a suitable default.
 * @return the application context (not yet refreshed)
 * @see #setApplicationContextClass(Class)
 */
protected ConfigurableApplicationContext createApplicationContext() {
    Class<?> contextClass = this.applicationContextClass;
    if (contextClass == null) {
        try {
            contextClass = Class.forName(this.webEnvironment
                    ? DEFAULT_WEB_CONTEXT_CLASS : DEFAULT_CONTEXT_CLASS);
        }
        catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
            throw new IllegalStateException(
                    "Unable create a default ApplicationContext, "
                            + "please specify an ApplicationContextClass",
                    ex);
        }
    }
    return (ConfigurableApplicationContext) BeanUtils.instantiate(contextClass);
}

可以看出根据这前初始化过程初始化的this.webEnvironment来决定初始化一个什么容器。如果classpath下是否有javax.servlet.Servlet和
org.springframework.web.context.ConfigurableWebApplicationContext类,
则使用DEFAULT_WEB_CONTEXT_CLASS初始化容器,如果不存在则用DEFAULT_CONTEXT_CLASS初始化容器。

public static final String DEFAULT_CONTEXT_CLASS = "org.springframework.context."
            + "annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext";

    /**
     * The class name of application context that will be used by default for web
     * environments.
     */
    public static final String DEFAULT_WEB_CONTEXT_CLASS = "org.springframework."
            + "boot.context.embedded.AnnotationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext";

以上是代码指定了容器的类名,最后通过Spring的工具类初始化容器类bean
BeanUtils.instantiate(contextClass);
完成容器的创建工作。然后执行以下的几个步骤完成整个容器的创建与启动以及bean的注入功能。

prepareContext(context, environment, listeners, applicationArguments, printedBanner);

以下这一句代码是实现spring-boot-starter-*的自动化配置的关键。包括spring.factories的加载以及自动化配置类的加载以及注入容器的功能可以参考《SpringBoot-自动配置源码解析

refreshContext(context);
afterRefresh(context, applicationArguments);

至此通过SpringBoot启动的容器已经构造完成。这里忽略了启动流程中的收集各种Listener,创建Environment及Environment的初始化的因为这些地方都是SpringBoot提供的各种扩展点,后面的博客会详细的说明各个扩展点的用处以及扩展的方式。

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