JSON是一种轻量级的数据交换格式,和XML一样广泛应用于前端和后台的交互。如何高效和安全的解析JSON是摆在广大程序员面前的难题,如果有工具包能帮我们做这些事情就好了,目前有Google公司的Gson,阿里巴巴公司的fastJson,以及Jackson,今天我就讲解下如何通过这3个工具去解析JSON字符串,以及如何将Java对象转换成JSON字符串。
1.Gson
首先在工程的pom文件中加入依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>com.google.code.gson</groupId>
<artifactId>gson</artifactId>
<version>2.3.1</version>
<scope>compile</scope>
</dependency>
这样工程引入了gson-2.3.1.jar
1.1 将BankDto.java对象转为json字符串
Gson gson = new GsonBuilder().create();
BankDto bankDto = new BankDto();
bankDto.setBankId(1L);
bankDto.setBankCode("95555");
bankDto.setBankName("CMB");
bankDto.setState("A");
bankDto.setStateDate(new java.util.Date());
System.out.println(gson.toJson(bankDto, BankDto.class));
输出的结果:
{"bankId":1,"bankName":"CMB","state":"A","stateDate":"Jun 17, 2017 9:55:17 PM","bankCode":"95555"}
1.2 将List转为json字符串
Gson gson = new GsonBuilder().create();
List<BankDto> bankList = new ArrayList<BankDto>();
BankDto bankDto = new BankDto();
bankDto.setBankId(1L);
bankDto.setBankCode("95555");
bankDto.setBankName("CMB");
bankDto.setState("A");
bankDto.setStateDate(new java.util.Date());
bankList.add(bankDto);
bankDto = new BankDto();
bankDto.setBankId(2L);
bankDto.setBankCode("95888");
bankDto.setBankName("ABC");
bankDto.setState("A");
bankDto.setStateDate(new java.util.Date());
bankList.add(bankDto);
System.out.println(gson.toJson(bankList));
输出结果
[{"bankId":1,"bankName":"CMB","state":"A","stateDate":"Jun 17, 2017 10:07:47 PM","bankCode":"95555"},{"bankId":2,"bankName":"ABC","state":"A","stateDate":"Jun 17, 2017 10:07:47 PM","bankCode":"95888"}]
1.3 对于嵌套的对象转为json字符串
Gson gson = new GsonBuilder().create();
List<BankDto> bankList = new ArrayList<BankDto>();
BankDto bankDto = new BankDto();
bankDto.setBankId(1L);
bankDto.setBankCode("95555");
bankDto.setBankName("CMB");
bankDto.setState("A");
bankDto.setStateDate(new java.util.Date());
bankList.add(bankDto);
PersonDto person = new PersonDto();
person.setId(123L);
person.setName("jack");
bankDto.setPersonDto(person);
System.out.println(gson.toJson(bankList));
输出结果
[{"bankId":1,"bankName":"CMB","state":"A","stateDate":"Jun 17, 2017 10:17:23 PM","bankCode":"95555","personDto":{"id":123,"name":"jack"}}]
1.4 如果我们收到了json字符串,如何将其转为java对象呢
String json = "{\"bankId\":1,\"bankName\":\"CMB\",\"state\":\"A\",\"stateDate\":\"Jun 17, 2017 10:17:23 PM\",\"bankCode\":\"95555\",\"personDto\":{\"id\":123,\"name\":\"jack\"}}";
Gson gson = new GsonBuilder().create();
BankDto bank = gson.fromJson(json, BankDto.class);
System.out.println(bank.toString());
将得到的对象打印出来,输出结果
bankId:1,bankCode:95555,bankName:CMB,personId:123,personName:jack
1.5 如果收到了json字符串,但又不知道转为什么java对象,可以直接解析json串
String json = "{\"bankId\":1,\"bankName\":\"CMB\",\"state\":\"A\",\"stateDate\":\"Jun 17, 2017 10:17:23 PM\",\"bankCode\":\"95555\",\"personDto\":{\"id\":123,\"name\":\"jack\"}}";
JsonParser jsonParser = new JsonParser();
JsonElement element = jsonParser.parse(json);
JsonObject jsonObject = element.getAsJsonObject();
System.out.println(jsonObject.getAsJsonPrimitive("bankName").getAsString());
System.out.println(jsonObject.getAsJsonPrimitive("bankCode").getAsLong());
输出结果:
CMB
95555
2.fastjson
首先在工程的pom文件中加入依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
<version>1.1.41</version>
<scope>compile</scope>
</dependency>
这样工程就会引入fastjson-1.1.41.jar
2.1 将BankDto转为json字符串
List<BankDto> bankList = new ArrayList<BankDto>();
BankDto bankDto = new BankDto();
bankDto.setBankId(1L);
bankDto.setBankCode("95555");
bankDto.setBankName("CMB");
bankDto.setState("A");
bankDto.setStateDate(new Date());
PersonDto person = new PersonDto();
person.setId(123L);
person.setName("jack");
bankDto.setPersonDto(person);
bankList.add(bankDto);
System.out.println(JSON.toJSONString(bankList));
输出结果
[{"bankCode":"95555","bankId":1,"bankName":"CMB","personDto":{"id":123,"name":"jack"},"state":"A","stateDate":1497711670982}]
和 google相比 ,阿里的fastjson将时间直接转为长整型的时间。
2.2 将json字符串转为BankDto对象
需要注意的是,fastjson只能对json字符串中为长整型的时间才能解析,否则会报错
String json = "{\"bankId\":1,\"bankName\":\"CMB\",\"state\":\"A\",\"stateDate\":\"1497712390838\",\"bankCode\":\"95555\",\"personDto\":{\"id\":123,\"name\":\"jack\"}}";
BankDto bank = JSON.parseObject(json, BankDto.class);
System.out.println(bank.toString());
输出结果
bankId:1,bankCode:95555,bankName:CMB,stateDate:Sat Jun 17 23:13:10 CST 2017,personId:123,personName:jack
3. Jackson
首先在pom文件中加入下面两个依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
<version>2.6.2</version>
<scope>compile</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-annotations</artifactId>
<version>2.6.2</version>
<scope>compile</scope>
</dependency>
jackson-databind 是最主要的,其中就含有重要的对象转换的类ObjectMapper,jackson-annotations 这个是必须要的,否则项目就会报错,另外它含有一个重要的包jackson-core,这个包不需要引用,自动就会通过依赖加载。
3.1 将对象转为json字符串
ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();
try {
System.out.println(objectMapper.writeValueAsString(bankList));
} catch (JsonProcessingException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
结果:
[{"bankId":1,"parentId":null,"bankName":"CMB","comments":null,"state":"A","stateDate":1497713764810,"directDebitFlag":null,"bankCode":"95555","spId":null,"personDto":{"id":123,"name":"jack"}}]
关于Jackson会将日期转为长整型,可以通过下面的方法解决,对时间格式进行格式化
SimpleDateFormat simpleDateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();
objectMapper.setDateFormat(simpleDateFormat);
但是即使格式化了,还是有问题,时间和原有的时间不一致
3.2 将字符串转为对象
ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();
try {
BankDto bank = objectMapper.readValue(json, BankDto.class);
System.out.println(bank.toString());
} catch (JsonParseException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (JsonMappingException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
结果:
bankId:1,bankCode:95555,bankName:CMB,stateDate:Sat Jun 17 23:13:10 CST 2017,personId:123,personName:jack
总结:
总共讲解了三家公司的三个jar包实现对JSON字符串的解析和转化,Google公司的Gson个人认为更胜一筹,其在转化的时候对数据类型保持的比较好,fastjson和Jackson则在处理时间上会进行转换。大家如果要学习关于这些包是如何对JSON进行解析和转化的,个人建议可以通过去看Jackson的源码比较好,因为它提供的API都是很原生的,大家可以从它的方法上就可以看出,另外两个都包装得很厉害。