1、选择语句(if)
选择语句的基本形式:
if <条件>:
语句
elif <条件>:
语句
else:
语句
if 语句示例:
age = input('Please Input Your Year: ')
age = int(age)
if age < 18:
print('未成年')
elif age >= 18 and age <= 25:
print('青年')
else:
print('老年人了!!!!')
运行结果:
Please Input Your Year: 26
老年人了!!!!
2、循环语句(for、while)
- for 循环语句
- while 循环语句
(1)、for 循环语句
for 循环的基本形式:
for <循环变量> in <遍历对象>:
语句
else:
语句
- else 中的语句只有循环正常退出时执行;
- break语句结束循环,continue语句结束本次循环;
①for 循环示例:
for i in [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]:
if i == 2:
continue
if i == 4:
break
print(i)
else:
print('程序结束')
运行结果:
1
3
②字典的遍历示例:
map = {'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3, 'd': 4}
#遍历键和值
for key, value in map.items():
print(key, ': ', value, sep='', end='')
print(' ', sep='', end='')
print()
#遍历键
for key in map.keys():
print(key, end='')
print(' ', sep='', end='')
print()
#遍历值
for value in map.values():
print(value, end='')
print(' ', sep='', end='')
print()
运行结果:
a: 1 b: 2 c: 3 d: 4
a b c d
1 2 3 4
range()函数,产生一个整数的列表;
- range()函数的原型如下:range([start,]stop[,step])
- start: 起始数,默认值为0;
- stop: 终止数,产生到到stop-1的整数;
- step: 可选参数哦,步长;
for循环和range函数示例:
sum = 0
sum = 0
for i in range(0, 101):
sum += i
print('total is :', sum)
运行结果:
total is : 5050
内置迭代函数:
- enumerate(seq) 编号迭代
- sorted(seq) 排序迭代
- reversed(seq) 翻转迭代
- zip(seq1, seq2, …) 并行迭代
内置迭代函数示例:
lst1 = [2, 5, 1, 4, 8, 6]
lst2 = [5, 3, 2, 2, 4, 8]
# enumerate 函数
for index, value in enumerate(lst1):
print('index is %d, value is %d' % (index, value))
# sorted 函数
print(sorted(lst1))
#reversed 函数
for i in reversed(lst2):
print(i, end=' ')
print()
# zip函数
for i, j in zip(lst1, lst2):
print('i is %d, j is %d' % (i, j))
运行结果:
index is 0, value is 2
index is 1, value is 5
index is 2, value is 1
index is 3, value is 4
index is 4, value is 8
index is 5, value is 6
[1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8]
8 4 2 2 3 5
i is 2, j is 5
i is 5, j is 3
i is 1, j is 2
i is 4, j is 2
i is 8, j is 4
i is 6, j is 8
(2)、while循环
while循环的基本形式:
while <条件>:
<语句1>
else:
<语句2> #如果循环未被break退出,则执行
while循环示例:
# 使用while循环计算前100个数的和
i = 0
sum = 0
while i <= 100:
sum += i
i += 1
else:
print('Overred')
print('totla is:', sum)
运行结果:
Overred
totla is: 5050
这里i += 1 同 i = i + 1
3、推倒或内涵
基本形式:
[ <i 相关表达式> for i in aiterator ]
[ <i 相关表达式> for i in aiterator if <条件> ]
推到示例:
# 列表推倒,获取0-10的平方的列表
lst = [i * i for i in range(0, 11)]
print(lst)
# 字典推倒,获取字典
keys = ['name', 'age', 'weight']
values = ['Douzhq', 26, 75]
map = {key: value for key, value in zip(keys, values)}
print(map)
# 带条件推倒,获取0-10的平方的偶数列表
lst = [i * i for i in range(0, 11) if i * i % 2 == 0]
print(lst)
运行结果:
[0, 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81, 100]
{‘name’: ‘Douzhq’, ‘age’: 26, ‘weight’: 75}
[0, 4, 16, 36, 64, 100]