描述 | |
appId | 应用ID 登录微信公众号管理平台可查询 |
timestamp | 必填,生成签名的时间戳 |
nonceStr | 必填,生成签名的随机串 |
signature | 必填,签名,见附录1 |
上述表格中的参数,我们在前一章节已经说的很明白,之所以做出一个表格是因为如果想要成功接入微信jsapi这四个参数是凭证,也就是相当于一个门必须要有四把钥匙才能打开,缺一不可 。
接下来的案例采用java的servlet做的跳转页面,没有用到springMVC,大家可把请求的路径更换成controller路径即可。
WxJsAPIServlet代码:
package
com.test;
/***
* V型知识库 www.vxzsk.com
*/
import
java.io.IOException;
import
java.io.PrintWriter;
import
java.util.Map;
import
javax.servlet.ServletException;
import
javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import
javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import
javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import
com.test.util.JsapiTicketUtil;
import
com.test.util.Sign;
public
class
WxJsAPIServlet
extends
HttpServlet {
/**
* Constructor of the object.
*/
public
WxJsAPIServlet() {
super
();
}
/**
* Destruction of the servlet. <br>
*/
public
void
destroy() {
super
.destroy();
// Just puts "destroy" string in log
// Put your code here
}
/**
* The doGet method of the servlet. <br>
*
* This method is called when a form has its tag value method equals to get.
*
* @param request the request send by the client to the server
* @param response the response send by the server to the client
* @throws ServletException if an error occurred
* @throws IOException if an error occurred
*/
public
void
doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws
ServletException, IOException {
System.out.println(
"wxJSAPI===================="
);
String jsapi_ticket =JsapiTicketUtil.getJSApiTicket();;
Map<String,String> map = Sign.sign(jsapi_ticket,
"http://www.vxzsk.com/weChat/wxJsAPIServlet"
);
String timestamp = map.get(
"timestamp"
);
String nonceStr = map.get(
"nonceStr"
);
String signature = map.get(
"signature"
);
String appId =
"应用Id"
;
request.setAttribute(
"appId"
, appId);
request.setAttribute(
"timestamp"
, timestamp);
request.setAttribute(
"signature"
,signature);
request.setAttribute(
"nonceStr"
, nonceStr);
request.getRequestDispatcher(
"jsapi/jsapi.jsp"
).forward(request, response);
}
/**
* The doPost method of the servlet. <br>
*
* This method is called when a form has its tag value method equals to post.
*
* @param request the request send by the client to the server
* @param response the response send by the server to the client
* @throws ServletException if an error occurred
* @throws IOException if an error occurred
*/
public
void
doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws
ServletException, IOException {
this
.doGet(request, response);
}
/**
* Initialization of the servlet. <br>
*
* @throws ServletException if an error occurs
*/
public
void
init()
throws
ServletException {
// Put your code here
}
}
|
第44行是生成 jsapi_ticket的工具类,在下面有贴出工具类的代码。
第45行 Sign类的sign方法,把表格中的最后三个参数封装放到Map集合中了。其中参数就是请求的servlet地址并跳转到调用微信jsapi的jsp界面。
第49行 appId替换成你自己的应用id,如果不知道应用id 可登陆微信公众平台管理中心查询。
servlet对应的web.xml代码
<
servlet
>
<
description
>This is the description of my J2EE component</
description
>
<
display-name
>This is the display name of my J2EE component</
display-name
>
<
servlet-name
>WxJsAPIServlet</
servlet-name
>
<
servlet-class
>com.test.WxJsAPIServlet</
servlet-class
>
</
servlet
>
<
servlet-mapping
>
<
servlet-name
>WxJsAPIServlet</
servlet-name
>
<
url-pattern
>/wxJsAPIServlet</
url-pattern
>
</
servlet-mapping
>
|
生成签名算法类Sign代码:
package
com.test.util;
/***
* V型知识库 www.vxzsk.com
*/
import
java.util.UUID;
import
java.util.Map;
import
java.util.HashMap;
import
java.util.Formatter;
import
java.security.MessageDigest;
import
java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
import
java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
public
class
Sign {
public
static
Map<String, String> sign(String jsapi_ticket, String url) {
Map<String, String> ret =
new
HashMap<String, String>();
String nonce_str = create_nonce_str();
String timestamp = create_timestamp();
String string1;
String signature =
""
;
//注意这里参数名必须全部小写,且必须有序
string1 =
"jsapi_ticket="
+ jsapi_ticket +
"&noncestr="
+ nonce_str +
"×tamp="
+ timestamp +
"&url="
+ url;
System.out.println(string1);
try
{
MessageDigest crypt = MessageDigest.getInstance(
"SHA-1"
);
crypt.reset();
crypt.update(string1.getBytes(
"UTF-8"
));
signature = byteToHex(crypt.digest());
}
catch
(NoSuchAlgorithmException e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
}
catch
(UnsupportedEncodingException e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
}
ret.put(
"url"
, url);
ret.put(
"jsapi_ticket"
, jsapi_ticket);
ret.put(
"nonceStr"
, nonce_str);
ret.put(
"timestamp"
, timestamp);
ret.put(
"signature"
, signature);
return
ret;
}
private
static
String byteToHex(
final
byte
[] hash) {
Formatter formatter =
new
Formatter();
for
(
byte
b : hash)
{
formatter.format(
"%02x"
, b);
}
String result = formatter.toString();
formatter.close();
return
result;
}
private
static
String create_nonce_str() {
return
UUID.randomUUID().toString();
}
private
static
String create_timestamp() {
return
Long.toString(System.currentTimeMillis() /
1000
);
}
public
static
void
main(String[] args) {
String jsapi_ticket =JsapiTicketUtil.getJSApiTicket();
// 注意 URL 一定要动态获取,不能 hardcode
String url =
"http://www.vxzsk.com/xx/x.do"
;//url是你请求的一个action或者controller地址,并且方法直接跳转到使用jsapi的jsp界面
Map<String, String> ret = sign(jsapi_ticket, url);
for
(Map.Entry entry : ret.entrySet()) {
System.out.println(entry.getKey() +
", "
+ entry.getValue());
}
};
}
|
生成jsapi_ticket参数的工具类JsapiTicketUtil代码
package
com.test.util;
import
java.io.BufferedReader;
import
java.io.IOException;
import
java.io.InputStreamReader;
import
java.net.MalformedURLException;
import
java.net.URL;
import
java.net.URLConnection;
import
net.sf.json.JSONObject;
import
com.test.weixin.TestAcessToken;
/***
* @author V型知识库 www.vxzsk.com
*
*/
public
class
JsapiTicketUtil {
/***
* 模拟get请求
* @param url
* @param charset
* @param timeout
* @return
*/
public
static
String sendGet(String url, String charset,
int
timeout)
{
String result =
""
;
try
{
URL u =
new
URL(url);
try
{
URLConnection conn = u.openConnection();
conn.connect();
conn.setConnectTimeout(timeout);
BufferedReader in =
new
BufferedReader(
new
InputStreamReader(conn.getInputStream(), charset));
String line=
""
;
while
((line = in.readLine()) !=
null
)
{
result = result + line;
}
in.close();
}
catch
(IOException e) {
return
result;
}
}
catch
(MalformedURLException e)
{
return
result;
}
return
result;
}
/***
* 获取acess_token
* 来源www.vxzsk.com
* @return
*/
public
static
String getAccessToken(){
String appid=
"你公众号基本设置里的应用id"
;
//应用ID
String appSecret=
"你公众号基本设置里的应用密钥"
;
//(应用密钥)
String url =
"https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/token?grant_type=client_credential&appid="
+appid+
"&secret="
+appSecret+
""
;
String backData=TestAcessToken.sendGet(url,
"utf-8"
,
10000
);
String accessToken = (String) JSONObject.fromObject(backData).get(
"access_token"
);
return
accessToken;
}
/***
* 获取jsapiTicket
* 来源 www.vxzsk.com
* @return
*/
public
static
String getJSApiTicket(){
//获取token
String acess_token= JsapiTicketUtil.getAccessToken();
String urlStr =
"https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/ticket/getticket?access_token="
+acess_token+
"&type=jsapi"
;
String backData=TestAcessToken.sendGet(urlStr,
"utf-8"
,
10000
);
String ticket = (String) JSONObject.fromObject(backData).get(
"ticket"
);
return
ticket;
}
public
static
void
main(String[] args) {
String jsapiTicket = JsapiTicketUtil.getJSApiTicket();
System.out.println(
"调用微信jsapi的凭证票为:"
+jsapiTicket);
}
}
|
上述代码中有个获取access_token的方法,请读者更换自己的参数即可
jsapi.jsp代码
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="utf-8"%>
<%
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";
%>
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<
html
>
<
head
>
<
base
href="<%=basePath%>">
<
title
>微信jsapi测试-V型知识库</
title
>
<
meta
name
=
"viewport"
content
=
"width=320.1,initial-scale=1,minimum-scale=1,maximum-scale=1,user-scalable=no"
>
<
script
src
=
"http://res.wx.qq.com/open/js/jweixin-1.1.0.js"
> </
script
>
</
head
>
<
body
>
<
center
><
h3
>欢迎来到微信jsapi测试界面-V型知识库</
h3
></
center
>
<
br
>
<
p
>timestamp:${ timestamp}</
p
>
<
p
>nonceStr:${ nonceStr}</
p
>
<
p
>signature:${ signature}</
p
>
<
p
>appId:${ appId}</
p
>
<
input
type
=
"button"
value
=
"upload"
onclick
=
"uploadImg();"
/>
<
input
type
=
"button"
value
=
"获取当前位置"
onclick
=
"getLocation();"
/>
<
br
>
<
script
type
=
"text/javascript"
>
wx.config({
debug: true, // 开启调试模式,调用的所有api的返回值会在客户端alert出来,若要查看传入的参数,可以在pc端打开,参数信息会通过log打出,仅在pc端时才会打印。
appId: '${appId}', // 必填,公众号的唯一标识
timestamp: '${ timestamp}' , // 必填,生成签名的时间戳
nonceStr: '${ nonceStr}', // 必填,生成签名的随机串
signature: '${ signature}',// 必填,签名,见附录1
jsApiList: ['chooseImage','getLocation','openLocation'] // 必填,需要使用的JS接口列表,所有JS接口列表见附录2
});
wx.ready(function(){
alert("ready");
});
wx.error(function (res) {
alert("调用微信jsapi返回的状态:"+res.errMsg);
});
function uploadImg() {
wx.checkJsApi({
jsApiList: ['chooseImage','openLocation','getLocation'], // 需要检测的JS接口列表,所有JS接口列表见附录2,
success: function(res) {
// 以键值对的形式返回,可用的api值true,不可用为false
// 如:{"checkResult":{"chooseImage":true},"errMsg":"checkJsApi:ok"}
alert(res);
wx.chooseImage({
count: 1, // 默认9
sizeType: ['original', 'compressed'], // 可以指定是原图还是压缩图,默认二者都有
sourceType: ['album', 'camera'], // 可以指定来源是相册还是相机,默认二者都有
success: function (res) {
var localIds = res.localIds; // 返回选定照片的本地ID列表,localId可以作为img标签的src属性显示图片
alert(localIds);
}
});
}
});
}
function getLocation() {
var latitude = "";
var longitude = "";
wx.getLocation({
type: 'gcj02', // 默认为wgs84的gps坐标,如果要返回直接给openLocation用的火星坐标,可传入'gcj02'
success: function (res) {
latitude = res.latitude; // 纬度,浮点数,范围为90 ~ -90
longitude = res.longitude; // 经度,浮点数,范围为180 ~ -180。
var speed = res.speed; // 速度,以米/每秒计
var accuracy = res.accuracy; // 位置精度
wx.openLocation({
latitude: latitude, // 纬度,浮点数,范围为90 ~ -90
longitude: longitude, // 经度,浮点数,范围为180 ~ -180。
name: '你当前的位置', // 位置名
address: 'currentLocation', // 地址详情说明
scale: 26, // 地图缩放级别,整形值,范围从1~28。默认为最大
infoUrl: '' // 在查看位置界面底部显示的超链接,可点击跳转
});
}
});
}
</
script
>
</
body
>
</
html
>
|
测试场景:打开微信公众号,点击菜单回复带有请求servlet地址,跳转到jsapi.jsp界面链接地址,然后界面会弹出调用微信jsapi成功或失败的窗口信息,所以还需要接下来的代码:
WeChatServlet为微信接入的servlet,不清楚的同学可学习我们的微信开发教程。
package
com.test;
import
java.io.IOException;
import
java.io.PrintWriter;
import
java.util.Date;
import
java.util.Map;
import
javax.servlet.ServletException;
import
javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import
javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import
javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import
com.test.message.resp.TextMessage;
import
com.test.util.MessageUtil;
/**
* 核心请求处理类
* @author V型知识库 www.vxzsk.com
*
* doGet方法里 有个weixinTest,这个是公众管理平台里面自己设置的token 大家根据自己的token替换
*/
public
class
WeChatServlet
extends
HttpServlet {
private
static
final
long
serialVersionUID = 1508798736675904038L;
/**
* 确认请求来自微信服务器
*/
public
void
doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws
ServletException, IOException {
System.out.println(
"V型知识库原创www.vxzsk.com"
);
// 微信加密签名
String signature = request.getParameter(
"signature"
);
System.out.println(
"微信加密签名signature:-----------------------"
+signature);
// 时间戳
String timestamp = request.getParameter(
"timestamp"
);
System.out.println(
"时间戳timestamp:-----------------------"
+timestamp);
// 随机数
String nonce = request.getParameter(
"nonce"
);
System.out.println(
"随机数nonce:-----------------------"
+nonce);
// 随机字符串
String echostr = request.getParameter(
"echostr"
);
System.out.println(
"随机字符串echostr:-----------------------"
+echostr);
//System.out.println("token-----------------------:"+token);
PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
// 通过检验signature对请求进行校验,若校验成功则原样返回echostr,表示接入成功,否则接入失败
if
(SignUtil.checkSignature(
"weixinTest"
, signature, timestamp, nonce)) {
out.print(echostr);
//System.out.println("这是:"+echostr);
}
out.close();
out =
null
;
}
/**
* 处理微信服务器发来的消息
* 实例源码在文章顶部有下载连接
*/
public
void
doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws
ServletException, IOException {
System.out.println(
"V型知识库原创www.vxzsk.com"
);
System.out.println(
"微信服务器发来消息------------"
);
// 将请求、响应的编码均设置为UTF-8(防止中文乱码)
request.setCharacterEncoding(
"UTF-8"
);
response.setCharacterEncoding(
"UTF-8"
);
String respMessage =
null
;
try
{
//xml请求解析
Map<String, String> requestMap = MessageUtil.parseXml(request);
//接收微信发过来的xml格式
//发送方帐号(open_id)
String fromUserName = requestMap.get(
"FromUserName"
);
//公众帐号
String toUserName = requestMap.get(
"ToUserName"
);
//消息类型
String msgType = requestMap.get(
"MsgType"
);
//消息创建时间
String createTime = requestMap.get(
"CreateTime"
);
//微信服务器post过来的内容
String weixinContent = requestMap.get(
"Content"
);
System.out.println(
"公众号用户发送过来的文本消息内容:"
+weixinContent);
//接下来我们用上一章节自己封装好的工具类
if
(msgType.equals(MessageUtil.REQ_MESSAGE_TYPE_TEXT)) {
//文本类型 用户回复 “hh” 微信自动回复此条消息
//回复换行的文本消息
TextMessage textMessage =
new
TextMessage();
textMessage.setToUserName(fromUserName);
textMessage.setFromUserName(toUserName);
textMessage.setCreateTime(
new
Date().getTime());
textMessage.setMsgType(MessageUtil.RESP_MESSAGE_TYPE_TEXT);
textMessage.setFuncFlag(
0
);
//回复用户的换行字符串 \n表示换行
StringBuffer buffer =
new
StringBuffer();
if
(weixinContent.equals(
"hh"
)){
//如果用户发送”hh“
buffer.append(
"欢迎访问"
).append(
"\n"
);
buffer.append(
"<a href=\"http://www.vxzsk.com/weChat/wxJsAPIServlet\">微信jsapi测试界面</a>"
).append(
"\n\n"
);
buffer.append(
"回复'hh'二字即可能显示此条消息"
);
}
else
{
buffer.append(
"您好我是V型知识库"
);
}
textMessage.setContent(buffer.toString());
respMessage = MessageUtil.textMessageToXml(textMessage);
//转换成xml格式
}
// 响应回复消息
PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
out.print(respMessage);
out.close();
}
catch
(Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
|
MessageUtil工具类
package
com.test.util;
/***
* V型知识库www.vxzsk.com
*
*/
import
java.io.InputStream;
import
java.io.Writer;
import
java.util.HashMap;
import
java.util.List;
import
java.util.Map;
import
javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import
org.dom4j.Document;
import
org.dom4j.Element;
import
org.dom4j.io.SAXReader;
import
com.test.message.resp.Article;
import
com.test.message.resp.MusicMessage;
import
com.test.message.resp.NewsMessage;
import
com.test.message.resp.TextMessage;
import
com.thoughtworks.xstream.XStream;
import
com.thoughtworks.xstream.core.util.QuickWriter;
import
com.thoughtworks.xstream.io.HierarchicalStreamWriter;
import
com.thoughtworks.xstream.io.xml.PrettyPrintWriter;
import
com.thoughtworks.xstream.io.xml.XppDriver;
/**
* 消息工具类
*/
public
class
MessageUtil {
/**
* 返回消息类型:文本
*/
public
static
final
String RESP_MESSAGE_TYPE_TEXT =
"text"
;
/**
* 返回消息类型:音乐
*/
public
static
final
String RESP_MESSAGE_TYPE_MUSIC =
"music"
;
/**
* 返回消息类型:图文
*/
public
static
final
String RESP_MESSAGE_TYPE_NEWS =
"news"
;
/**
* 请求消息类型:文本
*/
public
static
final
String REQ_MESSAGE_TYPE_TEXT =
"text"
;
/**
* 请求消息类型:图片
*/
public
static
final
String REQ_MESSAGE_TYPE_IMAGE =
"image"
;
/**
* 请求消息类型:链接
*/
public
static
final
String REQ_MESSAGE_TYPE_LINK =
"link"
;
/**
* 请求消息类型:地理位置
*/
public
static
final
String REQ_MESSAGE_TYPE_LOCATION =
"location"
;
/**
* 请求消息类型:音频
*/
public
static
final
String REQ_MESSAGE_TYPE_VOICE =
"voice"
;
/**
* 请求消息类型:推送
*/
public
static
final
String REQ_MESSAGE_TYPE_EVENT =
"event"
;
/**
* 事件类型:subscribe(订阅)
*/
public
static
final
String EVENT_TYPE_SUBSCRIBE =
"subscribe"
;
/**
* 事件类型:unsubscribe(取消订阅)
*/
public
static
final
String EVENT_TYPE_UNSUBSCRIBE =
"unsubscribe"
;
/**
* 事件类型:CLICK(自定义菜单点击事件)
*/
public
static
final
String EVENT_TYPE_CLICK =
"CLICK"
;
/**
* 解析微信发来的请求(XML)
*
* @param request
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
@SuppressWarnings
(
"unchecked"
)
public
static
Map<String, String> parseXml(HttpServletRequest request)
throws
Exception {
// 将解析结果存储在HashMap中
Map<String, String> map =
new
HashMap<String, String>();
// 从request中取得输入流
InputStream inputStream = request.getInputStream();
// 读取输入流
SAXReader reader =
new
SAXReader();
Document document = reader.read(inputStream);
// 得到xml根元素
Element root = document.getRootElement();
// 得到根元素的所有子节点
List<Element> elementList = root.elements();
// 遍历所有子节点
for
(Element e : elementList) {
map.put(e.getName(), e.getText());
}
// 释放资源
inputStream.close();
inputStream =
null
;
return
map;
}
/**
* 文本消息对象转换成xml
* @param textMessage 文本消息对象
* @return xml
*/
public
static
String textMessageToXml(TextMessage textMessage) {
xstream.alias(
"xml"
, textMessage.getClass());
return
xstream.toXML(textMessage);
}
/**
* 音乐消息对象转换成xml
* @param musicMessage 音乐消息对象
* @return xml
*/
public
static
String musicMessageToXml(MusicMessage musicMessage) {
xstream.alias(
"xml"
, musicMessage.getClass());
return
xstream.toXML(musicMessage);
}
/**
* 图文消息对象转换成xml
* @param newsMessage 图文消息对象
* @return xml
*/
public
static
String newsMessageToXml(NewsMessage newsMessage) {
xstream.alias(
"xml"
, newsMessage.getClass());
xstream.alias(
"item"
,
new
Article().getClass());
return
xstream.toXML(newsMessage);
}
/**
* 扩展xstream,使其支持CDATA块
* @date
*/
private
static
XStream xstream =
new
XStream(
new
XppDriver() {
public
HierarchicalStreamWriter createWriter(Writer out) {
return
new
PrettyPrintWriter(out) {
// 对所有xml节点的转换都增加CDATA标记
boolean
cdata =
true
;
@SuppressWarnings
(
"unchecked"
)
public
void
startNode(String name, Class clazz) {
super
.startNode(name, clazz);
}
protected
void
writeText(QuickWriter writer, String text) {
if
(cdata) {
writer.write(
"<![CDATA["
);
writer.write(text);
writer.write(
"]]>"
);
}
else
{
writer.write(text);
}
}
};
}
});
}
|
TextMessage代码
package
com.test.message.resp;
/**
* 文本消息
* v型知识库 www.vxzsk.com
*/
public
class
TextMessage
extends
BaseMessage {
// 回复的消息内容
private
String Content;
public
String getContent() {
return
Content;
}
public
void
setContent(String content) {
Content = content;
}
}
|
BaseMessage代码
package
com.test.message.resp;
/**
* 消息基类(公众帐号 -> 普通用户)
* V型知识库 www.vxzsk.com
*/
public
class
BaseMessage {
// 接收方帐号(收到的OpenID)
private
String ToUserName;
// 开发者微信号
private
String FromUserName;
// 消息创建时间 (整型)
private
long
CreateTime;
// 消息类型(text/music/news)
private
String MsgType;
// 位0x0001被标志时,星标刚收到的消息
private
int
FuncFlag;
public
String getToUserName() {
return
ToUserName;
}
public
void
setToUserName(String toUserName) {
ToUserName = toUserName;
}
public
String getFromUserName() {
return
FromUserName;
}
public
void
setFromUserName(String fromUserName) {
FromUserName = fromUserName;
}
public
long
getCreateTime() {
return
CreateTime;
}
public
void
setCreateTime(
long
createTime) {
CreateTime = createTime;
}
public
String getMsgType() {
return
MsgType;
}
public
void
setMsgType(String msgType) {
MsgType = msgType;
}
public
int
getFuncFlag() {
return
FuncFlag;
}
public
void
setFuncFlag(
int
funcFlag) {
FuncFlag = funcFlag;
}
}
|
效果如下:
转自:http://www.vxzsk.com/82.html