RedHat Linux上安装PostgreSQL

1. 操作系统信息：Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4

2. 下载PostgreSQL源码：http://www.postgresql.org/ftp/source,现在已经更新到了9.1beta版本了，不过安装过程基本一致，我之前下载的是8.4.2，所以以8.4.2进行描述。

3.上传下载到的postgresql-8.4.2.tar.gz到/opt目录下。

4. 创建postgres用户及dba组，并切换到postgres用户。

#useradd -g dba postgres

 5.将postgresql-8.4.2.tar.gz的属主改为postgres,并解压。

[root@localhost ~]# cd /opt
[root@localhost ~]# #chown postgres postgresql-8.4.2

[root@localhost ~]# #su - postgres

[postgres@localhost opt]$$ cd /opt

[postgres@localhost opt]$$tar -zxvf postgresql-8.4.2.tar.gz
[postgres@localhost opt]$$ ll
总用量 32
drwxr-xr-x  2 root     root 4096  3月 28 19:49 gcc_test
drwxr-xr-x  8 postgres root 4096  7月  9 09:44 postgresql
drwxrwxrwx  6 postgres  258 4096  7月  9 09:40 postgresql-8.4.2
drwxr-xr-x  2 root     root 4096  4月  2 19:20 testbool

6. 进入postgresql-8.4.2目录，进行配置

[postgres@localhost opt]$ cd postgresql-8.4.2/
[postgres@localhost postgresql-8.4.2]$./configure --prefix=/opt/postgresql --enable-profiling --with-blocksize=8 --with-wal-blocksize=8

注，各配置项意义见备后文备注。

7.编译，大约需要5分钟,如过程中有失败，请确认系统上是否有make, gcc等工具，以及目录权限问题。

[postgres@localhost postgresql-8.4.2]$make

8.安装,执行2分钟左右，屏幕打印“PostgreSQL installation complete”表示安装完成。

[postgres@localhost postgresql-8.4.2]$make install

9.初始化数据库。

[postgres@localhost postgresql-8.4.2]$ cd /opt/postgresql/bin/
[postgres@localhost bin]$./initdb --encoding=utf8 -D /opt/postgresql/data

 初始化完成后屏幕打印如下信息：

Success. You can now start the database server using:

    ./postgres -D /opt/postgresql/data
or
    ./pg_ctl -D /opt/postgresql/data -l logfile start

10. 启动数据库

[postgres@localhost bin]$./postgres -D /opt/postgresql/data

当然，可以通过日志重写向，将启动信息写入日志，例如：

[postgres@localhost bin]$ ./pg_ctl -D /opt/postgresql/data/ -l /opt/postgresql/log/pg_server.log start

将日志信息记录在文件/opt/postgresql/log/pg_server.log中，当然，在执行前，请先创建这个文件，且属主为postgres。

11.安装完毕。

 

备注：编译配置项各参数说明，可根据实际情况选择使用：

[postgres@localhost postgresql-8.4.2]$ ./configure -help
`configure' configures PostgreSQL 8.4.2 to adapt to many kinds of systems.

Usage: ./configure [OPTION]... [VAR=VALUE]...

To assign environment variables (e.g., CC, CFLAGS...), specify them as
VAR=VALUE.  See below for descriptions of some of the useful variables.

Defaults for the options are specified in brackets.

Configuration:
  -h, --help              display this help and exit
      --help=short        display options specific to this package
      --help=recursive    display the short help of all the included packages
  -V, --version           display version information and exit
  -q, --quiet, --silent   do not print `checking...' messages
      --cache-file=FILE   cache test results in FILE [disabled]
  -C, --config-cache      alias for `--cache-file=config.cache'
  -n, --no-create         do not create output files
      --srcdir=DIR        find the sources in DIR [configure dir or `..']

Installation directories:
  --prefix=PREFIX         install architecture-independent files in PREFIX
                          [/usr/local/pgsql]
  --exec-prefix=EPREFIX   install architecture-dependent files in EPREFIX
                          [PREFIX]

By default, `make install' will install all the files in
`/usr/local/pgsql/bin', `/usr/local/pgsql/lib' etc.  You can specify
an installation prefix other than `/usr/local/pgsql' using `--prefix',
for instance `--prefix=$HOME'.

For better control, use the options below.

Fine tuning of the installation directories:
  --bindir=DIR           user executables [EPREFIX/bin]
  --sbindir=DIR          system admin executables [EPREFIX/sbin]
  --libexecdir=DIR       program executables [EPREFIX/libexec]
  --sysconfdir=DIR       read-only single-machine data [PREFIX/etc]
  --sharedstatedir=DIR   modifiable architecture-independent data [PREFIX/com]
  --localstatedir=DIR    modifiable single-machine data [PREFIX/var]
  --libdir=DIR           object code libraries [EPREFIX/lib]
  --includedir=DIR       C header files [PREFIX/include]
  --oldincludedir=DIR    C header files for non-gcc [/usr/include]
  --datarootdir=DIR      read-only arch.-independent data root [PREFIX/share]
  --datadir=DIR          read-only architecture-independent data [DATAROOTDIR]
  --infodir=DIR          info documentation [DATAROOTDIR/info]
  --localedir=DIR        locale-dependent data [DATAROOTDIR/locale]
  --mandir=DIR           man documentation [DATAROOTDIR/man]
  --docdir=DIR           documentation root [DATAROOTDIR/doc/postgresql]
  --htmldir=DIR          html documentation [DOCDIR]
  --dvidir=DIR           dvi documentation [DOCDIR]
  --pdfdir=DIR           pdf documentation [DOCDIR]
  --psdir=DIR            ps documentation [DOCDIR]

System types:
  --build=BUILD     configure for building on BUILD [guessed]
  --host=HOST       cross-compile to build programs to run on HOST [BUILD]

Optional Features:
  --disable-FEATURE       do not include FEATURE (same as --enable-FEATURE=no)
  --enable-FEATURE[=ARG]  include FEATURE [ARG=yes]
  --disable-integer-datetimes
                          disable 64-bit integer date/time support
  --enable-nls[=LANGUAGES]
                          enable Native Language Support
  --disable-shared        do not build shared libraries
  --disable-rpath         do not embed shared library search path in
                          executables
  --disable-spinlocks     do not use spinlocks
  --enable-debug          build with debugging symbols (-g)
  --enable-profiling      build with profiling enabled
  --enable-coverage       build with coverage testing instrumentation
  --enable-dtrace         build with DTrace support
  --enable-depend         turn on automatic dependency tracking
  --enable-cassert        enable assertion checks (for debugging)
  --enable-thread-safety  make client libraries thread-safe
  --enable-thread-safety-force
                          force thread-safety despite thread test failure
  --disable-float4-byval  disable float4 passed by value
  --disable-float8-byval  disable float8 passed by value
  --disable-largefile     omit support for large files

Optional Packages:
  --with-PACKAGE[=ARG]    use PACKAGE [ARG=yes]
  --without-PACKAGE       do not use PACKAGE (same as --with-PACKAGE=no)
  --with-template=NAME    override operating system template
  --with-includes=DIRS    look for additional header files in DIRS
  --with-libraries=DIRS   look for additional libraries in DIRS
  --with-libs=DIRS        alternative spelling of --with-libraries
  --with-pgport=PORTNUM   set default port number [5432]
  --with-blocksize=BLOCKSIZE
                          set table block size in kB [8]
  --with-segsize=SEGSIZE  set table segment size in GB [1]
  --with-wal-blocksize=BLOCKSIZE
                          set WAL block size in kB [8]
  --with-wal-segsize=SEGSIZE
                          set WAL segment size in MB [16]
  --with-CC=CMD           set compiler (deprecated)
  --with-tcl              build Tcl modules (PL/Tcl)
  --with-tclconfig=DIR    tclConfig.sh is in DIR
  --with-perl             build Perl modules (PL/Perl)
  --with-python           build Python modules (PL/Python)
  --with-gssapi           build with GSSAPI support
  --with-krb5             build with Kerberos 5 support
  --with-krb-srvnam=NAME  default service principal name in Kerberos
                          [postgres]
  --with-pam              build with PAM support
  --with-ldap             build with LDAP support
  --with-bonjour          build with Bonjour support
  --with-openssl          build with OpenSSL support
  --without-readline      do not use GNU Readline nor BSD Libedit for editing
  --with-libedit-preferred
                          prefer BSD Libedit over GNU Readline
  --with-ossp-uuid        use OSSP UUID library when building
                          contrib/uuid-ossp
  --with-libxml           build with XML support
  --with-libxslt          use XSLT support when building contrib/xml2
  --with-system-tzdata=DIR
                          use system time zone data in DIR
  --without-zlib          do not use Zlib
  --with-gnu-ld           assume the C compiler uses GNU ld [default=no]

Some influential environment variables:
  CC          C compiler command
  CFLAGS      C compiler flags
  LDFLAGS     linker flags, e.g. -L<lib dir> if you have libraries in a
              nonstandard directory <lib dir>
  LIBS        libraries to pass to the linker, e.g. -l<library>
  CPPFLAGS    C/C++/Objective C preprocessor flags, e.g. -I<include dir> if
              you have headers in a nonstandard directory <include dir>
  CPP         C preprocessor
  LDFLAGS_SL  linker flags for shared library linking
  DOCBOOKSTYLE
              location of DocBook stylesheets

Use these variables to override the choices made by `configure' or to help
it to find libraries and programs with nonstandard names/locations.

Report bugs to <pgsql-bugs@postgresql.org>.
[postgres@localhost postgresql-8.4.2]$