FileStream派生于Stream类。
在File类与FileInfo类中,提供的方法成员OpenRead,它返回只读的FileStream对象;
提供的方法成员OpenWrite,它返回可写的FileStream对象。
下面是FileInfo提供的两个方法:
Public Function OpenRead As FileStream
Public Function OpenWrite As FileStream
FileStream中,ReadByte与WriteByte每次读或写一个字节,位置自动加1。当读至文件末时,返回的是-1。
下面是文件流FileStream中读或写字节的例子:
Imports System.IO
Imports System.Text
Public Class Form1
Private Sub Button1_Click(sender As Object, e As EventArgs) Handles Button1.Click
'注意,下面是字节形式读写,因此若是汉字将是乱字符
Dim s As String = "This is date" & vbCrLf _
& "This is date of next line"
Dim fs As FileStream
Dim btArray As Byte()
Dim i As Int32 = 0 '数组索引
'按字节读
btArray = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(s)
fs = File.OpenWrite("D:\11.txt")
For i = 0 To UBound(btArray)
fs.WriteByte(btArray(i))
Next
fs.Close()
'按字节写
Dim intByte As Int32 '每个字节
i = 0
fs = File.OpenRead("D:\11.txt")
ReDim btArray(fs.Length)
Do While intByte <> -1
intByte = fs.ReadByte
If intByte <> -1 Then
btArray(i) = CByte(intByte)
i += 1
End If
Loop
TextBox1.Text = Encoding.ASCII.GetString(btArray)
fs.Close()
End Sub
End Class
一、创建FileStream对象
1、利用上面返回值(File.OpenWrite,File.OpenRead),可以取得FileStream对象,再进行相关操作。
2、利用FileStream类本身的New也可以创建FileStream对象:
Public Sub New ( _
path As String, _
mode As FileMode, _
access As FileAccess _
)
其中,参数前面接触过,FileMode枚举:Appen,CreateNew,Create,OpenOrCreate,Truncate.
二、字节(块)写入文件
字节块由一个字节数组构成,充当缓冲和运输作用,如同公交车,一车一车向另一个目的地运送数据。
FileSteam类提供将单一字节写入数据流的方法:WriteByte,
也提供了将一字节数据块写入数据流的方法:Write
Public Overrides Sub Write ( _
array As Byte(), _ '字节数组
offset As Integer, _ '字节数组中起始位置
count As Integer _ '从起始位置开始写几个字节
)
参数都是描述字节数组的。
例:将字节块写入文件:
Imports System.IO
Imports System.Text 'Encoding专用于编码转换
Public Class Form1
Private Sub Button1_Click(sender As Object, e As EventArgs) Handles Button1.Click
Dim fs As New FileStream("D:\11.txt", FileMode.Append, FileAccess.Write)
Dim s As String = "This is my data block"
Dim btArray As Byte()
btArray = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(s)
fs.Write(btArray, 1, 3)
fs.Close()
End Sub
End Class
注:对于一个文件流可以用CanWrite来判断是否可写
三、从文件中读取字节(块)
同样,从文件流FileStream读取字节(块的方法是:ReadByte与Read。
Public Overrides Function Read ( _
<OutAttribute> array As Byte(), _ '缓冲字节数组
offset As Integer, _ '<span class="parameter" style="font-family:'Microsoft YaHei UI','Microsoft YaHei',SimSun,'Segoe UI','Lucida Grande',Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-style:italic; color:rgb(102,102,102); font-size:14px; line-height:18px">array</span><span style="color:rgb(102,102,102); font-family:'Microsoft YaHei UI','Microsoft YaHei',SimSun,'Segoe UI','Lucida Grande',Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:14px; line-height:18px"> 中的字节偏移量,将在此处开始读取字节</span>
count As Integer _ '<span style="color:rgb(102,102,102); font-family:'Microsoft YaHei UI','Microsoft YaHei',SimSun,'Segoe UI','Lucida Grande',Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:14px; line-height:18px">最多读取的字节数</span>
) As Integer '读入缓冲区中的总字节数。 如果当前的字节数没有所请求那么多,则总字节数可能小于所请求的字节数;若已到达流的末尾则为零。
简单地说:返回值就是读取的数据长度
同Write一样,参数也是描述缓冲字节数组的。最后从数组中就可得到读出的字节
例:从文件中读写:
Imports System.IO
Imports System.Text 'Encoding专用于编码转换
Public Class Form1
Private Sub Button1_Click(sender As Object, e As EventArgs) Handles Button1.Click
Dim fs As New FileStream("D:\11.txt", FileMode.Append, FileAccess.Write)
Dim s As String = "This is my data block"
Dim btArray As Byte()
btArray = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(s)
fs.Write(btArray, 0, s.Length)
fs.Close()
fs = New FileStream("D:\11.txt", FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read)
ReDim btArray(fs.Length)
fs.Read(btArray, 0, fs.Length) '一次读完(到缓冲数组中)
TextBox1.Text = Encoding.ASCII.GetString(btArray)
fs.Close()
End Sub
End Class
同样可以用CanRead来判断是否可读
文件流占用一定资源,不用时可用Clos进行释放。
Flush方法将缓冲区中的数据一次清空,且输出到数据流的底层文件。只有在Close没有调用又必须清空时才有意义。
四、文件的随机存取
上面Read、Write等例子,是只读向前移动数据流的位置,字节在数据流中读写后,不能再回头进行重写读写。
用Seek方法,可以重设当前数据流的位置(Position),这样可以随心所欲设置位置进行读写操作。
Public Overrides Function Seek ( _
offset As Long, _ '相对SeekOrigin基准点的偏移量(可为负)
origin As SeekOrigin _ '基准点
) As Long '移动后,流的新位置
origin基准点为枚举型: Begin 指定流的开头。
Current 指定流内的当前位置。
End 指定流的结尾。
注意:并不是所有文件流都支持Seek,因此,在使用Seek前先判断(下面例子没用CanSeek进行判断)
Imports System.IO
Imports System.Text
Public Class Form1
Private Sub Button1_Click(sender As Object, e As EventArgs) Handles Button1.Click
Dim s As String = "This is what I want to insert text."
Dim fs As New FileStream("D:\11.txt", FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Write)
Dim btArray As Byte()
btArray = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(s)
fs.Seek(3, SeekOrigin.Begin) '设置当前流位置
fs.Write(btArray, 0, btArray.Length) '注意:是此位置覆盖式,非插入式
fs.Close()
fs = New FileStream("D:\11.txt", FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read)
ReDim btArray(fs.Length)
fs.Read(btArray, 0, fs.Length)
TextBox1.Text = Encoding.ASCII.GetString(btArray)
fs.Close()
End Sub
End Class
原文件是:123456,经写入后(从位置3)后面的456消失(被覆盖)
五、文件锁定
几个程序同时对一个文件进行读或写时,就会造成无法预料的冲突或异常。
为了避免这种情况,可实行锁定操作。Lock与UnLock,就是锁定与解除锁定。
Public Overridable Sub Lock ( position As Long, length As Long )
Public Overridable Sub Unlock ( position As Long, length As Long )
下面用线程来代替不同程序操作同一个文件:
Imports System.IO
Imports System.Text
Imports System.Threading
Public Class Form1
Private Sub Button1_Click(sender As Object, e As EventArgs) Handles Button1.Click
Dim read1 As Thread
read1 = New Thread(AddressOf readone)
Control.CheckForIllegalCrossThreadCalls = False
read1.Start()
End Sub
Private Sub Button2_Click(sender As Object, e As EventArgs) Handles Button2.Click
Dim read2 As Thread
read2 = New Thread(AddressOf readtwo)
Control.CheckForIllegalCrossThreadCalls = False
read2.Start()
End Sub
Private Sub readone()
Dim fs As New FileStream("D:\11.txt", FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read)
Dim bt As Int32
Dim i As Int32 = 0
fs.Lock(0, fs.Length)
bt = fs.ReadByte()
While bt <> -1
bt = fs.ReadByte
Thread.Sleep(500)
i += 1
TextBox1.Text = i.ToString
End While
TextBox1.Text = "over"
fs.Unlock(0, fs.Length)
fs.Close()
End Sub
Private Sub readtwo()
Dim fs As New FileStream("D:\11.txt", FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read)
Dim bt As Int32
Dim btArray As Byte()
Dim i As Int32 = 0
ReDim btArray(fs.Length - 1)
Try
bt = fs.ReadByte
Do
btArray(i) = bt
bt = fs.ReadByte
i += 1
Thread.Sleep(100)
Loop Until bt = -1
Catch ex As Exception
TextBox2.Text = ex.Message
End Try
TextBox2.Text = Encoding.ASCII.GetString(btArray)
fs.Close()
End Sub
End Class
上面程序1进行读写(加入延时,以便利用这个时间来操作程序2)时,程序2再次操作锁定区域,将发生异常。
这样有效保证了程序的正常读写。