eclipse下struts+spring+hibernate快速入门
本文是开发基于spring的web应用的入门文章,前端采用Struts MVC框架,中间层采用spring,后台采用Hibernate。在写作过程中参考了appfuse和springlive项目
本文包含以下内容:
·配置Hibernate和事务
·装载Spring的applicationContext.xml文件
·建立业务层和DAO之间的依赖关系
·将Spring应用到Struts中
概览
这个例子是建立一个简单的web应用,叫MyUsers,完成用户管理操作,包含简单的数据库增,删,查,该即CRUD(新建,访问,更新,删除)操作。这是一个三层的web应用,通过Action(Struts)访问业务层,业务层访问DAO。图一简要说明了该应用的总体结构。图上的数字说明了流程顺序-从web(UserAction)到中间层(UserManager),再到数据访问层(UserDAO),然后将结果返回。
Spring层的真正强大在于它的声明型事务处理,帮定和对持久层支持(例如Hiberate和iBATIS)
以下下是完成这个例子的步骤:
1. 安装Eclipse插件
2. 数据库建表
3. 配置Hibernate和Spring
4. 建立Hibernate DAO接口的实现类
5. 运行测试类,测试DAO的CRUD操作
6. 创建一个处理类,声明事务
7. 创建Struts Action的测试类
8. 创建web层的Action和model
9. 运行Action的测试类测试CRUD操作
10. 创建jsp文件通过浏览器进行CRUD操作
11. 通过浏览器校验jsp
安装eclipse插件
1. Hibernate插件http://www.binamics.com/hibernatesync
2. Spring插件http://springframework.sourceforge.net/spring-ide/eclipse/updatesite/
3. MyEclipse插件(破解版)
4. Tomcat插件. tanghan
5. 其他插件包括xml,jsp,
数据库建表
Create table app_user ( id number(5) not null,primate key lastname vchar2(20),firstname vchar2(20));
新建项目
新建一个web project,
新建后的目录结构如上图所示,同时包含了新建文件夹page用于放jsp文件,和源文件夹test用于放junit测试文件。同时将用到的包,包括struts,hibernate,spring都导入到lib目录下。
创建持久层O/R mapping
1. 在src/com.jandar.model下用hibernate插件从数据库导出app_user的.hbm.xml文件改名为User.hbm.xml
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD//EN"
"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-2.0.dtd" >
<hibernate-mapping package="com.jandar.model">
<class name="User" table="APP_USER">
<id
column="ID"
name="id"
type="integer"
>
<generator class="assigned" />
</id>
<property
column="LASTNAME"
length="10"
name="lastname"
not-null="false"
type="string"
/>
<property
column="FIRSTNAME"
length="10"
name="firstname"
not-null="true"
type="string"
/>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
2. 通过hibernate synchronizer->synchronizer file生成User.java文件,User对象对应于数据库中的app_user表
注:在eclipse下自动生成的对象文件不完全相同,相同的是每个对象文件必须实现Serializable接口,必需又toString和hashCode方法;
import java.io.Serializable;
import org.apache.commons.lang.builder.EqualsBuilder;
import org.apache.commons.lang.builder.HashCodeBuilder;
import org.apache.commons.lang.builder.ToStringBuilder;
import org.apache.commons.lang.builder.ToStringStyle;
public class BaseObject implements Serializable {
public String toString() {
return ToStringBuilder.reflectionToString(this,
ToStringStyle.MULTI_LINE_STYLE);
}
public boolean equals(Object o) {
return EqualsBuilder.reflectionEquals(this, o);
}
public int hashCode() {
return HashCodeBuilder.reflectionHashCode(this);
}
}
public class User extends BaseObject {
private Long id;
private String firstName;
private String lastName;
/**
* @return Returns the id.
*/
public Long getId() {
return id;
}
/**
* @param id The id to set.
*/
public void setId(Long id) {
this.id = id;
}
/**
* @return Returns the firstName.
*/
public String getFirstName() {
return firstName;
}
/**
* @param firstName The firstName to set.
*/
public void setFirstName(String firstName) {
this.firstName = firstName;
}
/**
* @return Returns the lastName.
*/
public String getLastName() {
return lastName;
}
/**
* @param lastName The lastName to set.
*/
public void setLastName(String lastName) {
this.lastName = lastName;
}
}
创建DAO,访问对象
1. 在src/com.jandar.service.dao新建IDAO.java接口,所有的DAO都继承该接口
package com.jandar.services.dao;
public interface IDAO {
}
2. 在src/com.jandar.service.dao下新建IUserDAO.java接口
public interface IUserDAO extends DAO {
List getUsers();
User getUser(Integer userid);
void saveUser(User user);
void removeUser(Integer id);
}
该接口提供了访问对象的方法,
3. 在src/com.jandar.service.dao.hibernate下新建UserDAOHiberante.java
import java.util.List;
import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
import org.springframework.orm.hibernate.support.HibernateDaoSupport;
import com.jandar.model.User;
import com.jandar.service.dao.IUserDAO;
public class UserDaoHibernate extends HibernateDaoSupport implements IUserDAO {
private Log log=LogFactory.getLog(UserDaoHibernate.class);
/* (非 Javadoc)
* @see com.jandar.dao.IUserDAO#getUsers()
*/
public List getUsers() {
return getHibernateTemplate().find("from User");
}
/* (非 Javadoc)
* @see com.jandar.dao.IUserDAO#getUser(java.lang.Long)
*/
public User getUser(Integer id) {
// TODO 自动生成方法存根
return (User) getHibernateTemplate().get(User.class,id);
}
/* (非 Javadoc)
* @see com.jandar.dao.IUserDAO#saveUser(com.jandar.model.User)
*/
public void saveUser(User user) {
log.debug("xxxxxxx");
System.out.println("yyyy");
getHibernateTemplate().saveOrUpdate(user);
if(log.isDebugEnabled())
{
log.debug("userId set to "+user.getId());
}
}
/* (非 Javadoc)
* @see com.jandar.dao.IUserDAO#removeUser(java.lang.Long)
*/
public void removeUser(Integer id) {
Object user=getHibernateTemplate().load(User.class,id);
getHibernateTemplate().delete(user);
if(log.isDebugEnabled()){
log.debug("del user "+id);
}
}
}
在这个类中实现了IUserDAO接口的方法,并且继承了HibernateDAOSupport类。这个类的作用是通过hibernate访问、操作对象,进而实现对数据库的操作。
创建业务层,声明事务
业务层主要处理业务逻辑,提供给web层友好的访问接口和实现访问DAO层。用业务层的另一个好处是,可以适应数据访问层从Hibernate技术转移到其他数据访问技术。
1. 在src/com.jandar.service下新建一个IUserManager接口,该接口有几乎于IUserDAO同样的方法,不同的是处理参数,应为IUserManager是供web层访问的。
public interface IUserManager {
User getUser(String userid);
List getUsers();
User saveUser(User user);
void removeUser(String userid);
}
2. 在src/com.jandar.service.spring下新建IuserManager实现类,UserManager.java
/*
* 创建日期 2005-3-4
*
* TODO 要更改此生成的文件的模板,请转至
* 窗口 - 首选项 - Java - 代码样式 - 代码模板
*/
package com.jandar.service.spring;
import java.util.List;
import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
import com.jandar.model.User;
import com.jandar.service.IUserManager;
import com.jandar.service.dao.IUserDAO;
/**
* @author Administrator
*
* TODO 要更改此生成的类型注释的模板,请转至
* 窗口 - 首选项 - Java - 代码样式 - 代码模板
*/
public class UserManagerImpl implements IUserManager {
/* (非 Javadoc)
* @see com.jandar.service.IUserManager#getUser(java.lang.String)
*/
private static Log log=LogFactory.getLog(UserManagerImpl.class);
public IUserDAO userDao;
/**
* @return 返回 userDao。
*/
public IUserDAO getUserDao() {
return userDao;
}
/**
* @param userDao 要设置的 userDao。
*/
public void setUserDao(IUserDAO userDao) {
this.userDao = userDao;
}
public User getUser(String userid) {
User user=userDao.getUser(Integer.valueOf(userid));
if(user==null){
log.warn(" user id "+userid+" not found in database");
}
if(log.isDebugEnabled()){
log.debug("get a user with id "+userid);
}
return user;
}
/* (非 Javadoc)
* @see com.jandar.service.IUserManager#getUsers()
*/
public List getUsers() {
// TODO 自动生成方法存根
return userDao.getUsers();
}
/* (非 Javadoc)
* @see com.jandar.service.IUserManager#saveUser(com.jandar.model.User)
*/
public User saveUser(User user) {
// TODO 自动生成方法存根
userDao.saveUser(user);
return user;
}
/* (非 Javadoc)
* @see com.jandar.service.IUserManager#removeUser(java.lang.String)
*/
public void removeUser(String userid) {
// TODO 自动生成方法存根
userDao.removeUser(Integer.valueOf(userid));
}
}
UserManager.java通过访问dao接口实现业务逻辑和数据库操作。同时该类中提供了set方法,运用了Spring的依赖注入机制。但尚未使用spring的AOP和声明事务。
配置applicationContext.xml
在WEB-INF 下新建applicationContext.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE beans PUBLIC "-//SPRING//DTD BEAN//EN"
"http://www.springframework.org/dtd/spring-beans.dtd">
<beans>
<bean id="dataSource"
class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource">
<property name="driverClassName"><value>org.hsqldb.jdbcDriver</value></property>
<property name="url"><value>jdbc:hsqldb:db/appfuse</value></property>
<property name="username"><value>sa</value></property>
<!-- Make sure <value> tags are on same line - if they''re not,
authentication will fail -->
<property name="password"><value></value></property>
</bean>
<!-- Hibernate SessionFactory -->
<bean id="sessionFactory"
class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
<property name="dataSource"><ref local="dataSource"/></property>
<property name="mappingResources">
<list>
<value>com/jandar/model/User.hbm.xml</value>
</list>
</property>
<property name="hibernateProperties">
<props>
<prop key="hibernate.dialect">net.sf.hibernate.dialect.HSQLDialect</prop>
<prop key="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">create</prop>
</props>
</property>
</bean>
<!-- Transaction manager for a single Hibernate SessionFactory (alternative to JTA) -->
<bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate.HibernateTransactionManager">
<property name="sessionFactory"><ref local="sessionFactory"/></property>
</bean>
<bean id="userDAO" class="com.jandar.dao.hibernate.UserDAOHibernate">
<property name="sessionFactory"><ref local="sessionFactory"/></property>
</bean>
<bean id="userManagerTarget" class="com.jandar.service.spring.UserManager">
<property name="userDAO"><ref local="userDAO"/></property>
</bean>
<bean id="userManager"
class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean">
<property name="transactionManager"><ref local="transactionManager"/></property>
<property name="target"><ref local="userManagerTarget"/></property>
<property name="transactionAttributes">
<props>
<prop key="save*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
<prop key="remove*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
<prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,readOnly</prop>
</props>
</property>
</bean>
</beans>
创建Web层
1. 创建Struts Action,为了在一个action中实现CRUD操作,Action继承了DispatchAction根据参数决定调用方法。在src/com.jandar.web.struts.action下创建UserAction.java
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForm;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForward;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionMapping;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionMessage;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionMessages;
import org.apache.struts.action.DynaActionForm;
import org.apache.struts.actions.DispatchAction;
import org.appfuse.model.User;
import org.appfuse.service.UserManager;
public class UserAction extends DispatchAction {
private static Log log = LogFactory.getLog(UserAction.class);
private UserManager mgr = null;
public void setUserManager(UserManager userManager) {
this.mgr = userManager;
}
public ActionForward delete(ActionMapping mapping, ActionForm form,
HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response)
throws Exception {
if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
log.debug("entering ''delete'' method...");
}
mgr.removeUser(request.getParameter("user.id"));
ActionMessages messages = new ActionMessages();
messages.add(ActionMessages.GLOBAL_MESSAGE,
new ActionMessage("user.deleted"));
saveMessages(request, messages);
return list(mapping, form, request, response);
}
public ActionForward edit(ActionMapping mapping, ActionForm form,
HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response)
throws Exception {
if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
log.debug("entering ''edit'' method...");
}
DynaActionForm userForm = (DynaActionForm) form;
String userId = request.getParameter("id");
// null userId indicates an add
if (userId != null) {
User user = mgr.getUser(userId);
if (user == null) {
ActionMessages errors = new ActionMessages();
errors.add(ActionMessages.GLOBAL_MESSAGE,
new ActionMessage("user.missing"));
saveErrors(request, errors);
return mapping.findForward("list");
}
userForm.set("user", user);
}
return mapping.findForward("edit");
}
public ActionForward list(ActionMapping mapping, ActionForm form,
HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response)
throws Exception {
if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
log.debug("entering ''list'' method...");
}
request.setAttribute("users", mgr.getUsers());
return mapping.findForward("list");
}
public ActionForward save(ActionMapping mapping, ActionForm form,
HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response)
throws Exception {
if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
log.debug("entering ''save'' method...");
}
// run validation rules on this form
ActionMessages errors = form.validate(mapping, request);
if (!errors.isEmpty()) {
saveErrors(request, errors);
return mapping.findForward("edit");
}
DynaActionForm userForm = (DynaActionForm) form;
mgr.saveUser((User)userForm.get("user"));
ActionMessages messages = new ActionMessages();
messages.add(ActionMessages.GLOBAL_MESSAGE,
new ActionMessage("user.saved"));
saveMessages(request, messages);
return list(mapping, form, request, response);
}
public ActionForward unspecified(ActionMapping mapping, ActionForm form,
HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response)
throws Exception {
return list(mapping, form, request, response);
}
}
UserAction.java通过IuserManger访问业务层,IuserManager通过依赖注入
2. 创建struts ActionFrom
可以在src/com.jandar.web.struts.form下创建一个UserForm.java的struts ActionForm,我们也可以采用已建好的模型来配置form bean即采用动态form
org.apache.struts.validator.DynaValidatorForm 同时指定property 为
com.jandar.fuse.model.User详见struts-config.xml配置文件.
3. 配置struts-config.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE struts-config PUBLIC
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 1.2//EN"
"http://jakarta.apache.org/struts/dtds/struts-config_1_2.dtd">
<struts-config>
<!-- ======================================== Form Bean Definitions -->
<form-beans>
<form-bean
name="userForm" type="org.apache.struts.validator.DynaValidatorForm">
<form-property name="user" type="com.jandar.model.User"/>
</form-bean>
</form-beans>
<!-- =================================== Global Forward Definitions -->
<global-forwards>
</global-forwards>
<!-- =================================== Action Mapping Definitions -->
<action-mappings>
<action path="/user" type="com.jandar.web.struts.action.UserAction "
name="userForm" scope="request" parameter="method" validate="false">
<forward name="list" path="/userList.jsp"/>
<forward name="edit" path="/userForm.jsp"/>
</action>
</action-mappings>
<!-- ================================ Message Resources Definitions -->
<message-resources parameter="messages"/>
</struts-config>
4. 通过struts-config.xml把struts和spring结合起来
UserAction.java中的UserManager需要通过依赖注入,通过plug-in技术将spring加到