标准 C 语言头文件

标准 C 语言头文件
ISO C 标准定义的头文件(24 项)
<assert.h> 验证程序断言 <complex.h> 支持复数算术运算 <ctype.h> 字符类型
<errno.h> 出错码 <fenv.h> 浮点环境 <float.h> 浮点常量
<inttypes.h> 整型格式转换 <iso646.h> 替代关系操作符宏 <limits.h> 实现常量
<locale.h> 局部类别 <math.h> 数学常量 <setjmp.h> 非局部 goto
<signal.h> 信号 <stdarg.h> 可变参数表 <stdbool.h> 布尔类型和值
<stddef.h> 标准定义 <stdint.h> 整型 <stdio.h> 标准 I/O 库
<stdlib.h> 实用程序库函数 <string.h> 字符串操作 <tgmath.h> 通用类型数学宏
<time.h> 时间和日期 <wchar.h> 宽字符支持 <wctype.h> 宽字符分类和映射支持
POSIX 标准定义的必须的头文件(26 项)
<dirent.h> 目录项 <fcntl.h> 文件控制 <fnmatch.h> 文件名匹配类型
<glob.h> 路径名模式匹配类型 <grp.h> 组文件 <netdb.h> 网络数据库操作
<pwd.h> 口令文件 <regex.h> 正则表达式 <tar.h> tar 归档值
<termios.h> 终端 I/O <unistd.h> 符号常量 <utime.h> 文件时间
<wordexp.h> 字扩展类型 <arpa/inet.h> Internet 定义 <net/if.h> 套接字本地接口
<netinet/in.h> Internet 地址族 <netinet/tcp.h> 传输控制协议 <sys/mman.h> 内存管理声明
<sys/select.h> select 函数 <sys/socket.h> 套接字接口 <sys/stat.h> 文件状态
<sys/times.h> 进程时间 <sys/types.h> 基本系统数据类型 <sys/un.h> UNIX 域套接字定义
<sys/utsname.h>系统名 <sys/wait.h> 进程控制
POSIX 标准定义的 XSI 扩展头文件(26 项)
<cpio.h> cpio 归档值 <dlfcn.h> 动态链接 <fmtmsg.h> 消息显示结构
<ftw.h> 文件树漫游 <iconv.h> 代码集转换实用程序 <langinfo.h> 语言信息常量
<libgen.h> 模式匹配函数定义 <monetary.h> 货币类型 <ndbm.h> 数据库操作
<nl_types.h> 消息类别 <poll.h> 轮询函数 <search.h> 搜索表
<strings.h> 字符串操作 <syslog.h> 系统出错日志记录 <ucontext.h> 用户上下文
<ulimit.h> 用户限制 <utmpx.h> 用户帐户数据库 <sys/ipc.h> IPC
<sys/msg.h> 消息队列 <sys/resource.h> 资源操作 <sys/sem.h> 信号量
<sys/shm.h> 共享存储 <sys/statvfs.h> 文件系统信息 <sys/time.h> 时间类型
<sys/timeb.h> 附加的时间 <sys/uio.h> 矢量 I/O 操作
POSIX 标准定义的可选头文件(8 项)
<aio.h> 异步 I/O <mqueue.h> 消息队列 <pthread.h> 线程
<sched.h> 执行调度 <semaphore.h> 信号量 <spawn.h> 实时 spawn 接口
<stropts.h> XSI STREAMS 接口 <trace.h> 时间跟踪
标准 C++ 语言头文件(54 个其中 16 个用于构建 STL,3 个为附加非必须)
<bitset> STL 位集容器 <cassert> 用于在程序运行时执行断言
<cctype> 字符处理 <cerrno> 错误码 <cfloat> 用于测试浮点类型属性
<ciso646> ISO646 变体字符集 <climits> 测试整数类型属性 <clocale> 本地化函数
<cmath> 数学函数 <complex> <csignal> 信号 <cstdarg> 访问参数数量变化的函数 <cstddef> 用于定义实用的类型和宏
<cstdio> 输入/输出 <cstdlib> 杂项函数及内存分配 <cstring> 字符串
<ctime> 时间 <cwchar> 宽字符处理及输入/输出 <cwctype> 宽字符分类
<deque> STL 双端队列容器 <exception> 异常处理类 <fstream> 文件流
<functional> STL 函数对象 <iomanip> 参数化输入/输出 <ios>
<iosfwd> 输入/输出前置声明 <iostream> 数据流输入/输出 <istream> 基本输入流
<iterator> 遍历序列的类 <limits> 各种数据类型最值常量 <list>
<locale> 国际化支持 <map> STL 映射容器 <memory> 专用内存分配器
<new> 基本内存分配和释放 <numeric> 通用的数字操作 <ostream> 基本输出流
<queue> STL 队列容器 <set> STL 集合容器 <sstream> 基于字符串的流
<stack> STL 堆栈容器 <stdexcept> 标准异常类 <streambuf> iostream 的缓冲区类
<string> 字符串类 <strstream> 非内存字符序列的流类 <typeinfo>
<utility> STL 通用模板类 <valarray> 支持值数组的类和模版类 <vector> STL 动态数组容器
<algorithm>
STL 通用算法
复数类
<csetjmp> 执行非内部的 goto 语句
基本输入/输出支持
标准 C++附加的头文件(3 个)非必须
<hash_map>
<hash_set>
<slist>
STL 线性列表容器
运行时类型标识
The Standard C++ library consists of 51 required headers.This implementation also includes
three additional headers,<hash_map>,<hash_set>,and <slist>,not required by the C++ Standard,
for a total of 54 headers.Of these 54 headers,16 constitute the Standard Template Library,
or STL.These are indicated below with the notation
<algorithm> -- (STL) for defining numerous templates that implement useful algorithms
<bitset> -- for defining a template class that administers sets of bits
<complex> -- for defining a template class that supports complex arithmetic
<deque> -- (STL) for defining a template class that implements a deque container
<exception> -- for defining several functions that control exception handling
<fstream>
-- for defining several iostreams template classes that manipulate exteral files
<functional>
-- (STL) for defining several templates that help construct predicates for
the templates defined in <algorithm> and <numeric>
<hash_map>
-- (STL) for defining template classes that implement hashed associative containers
that map keys to values
<hash_set> -- (STL) for defining template classes that implement hashed associative containers
<iomanip> -- for declaring several iostreams manipulators that take an argument
<ios> -- for defining the template class that serves as the base for many iostreams classes
<iosfwd> -- for declaring several iostreams template classes before they are necessarily
defined
<iostream> -- for declaring the iostreams objects that manipulate the standard streams
<istream> -- for defining the template class that performs extractions
<iterator> -- (STL) for defining several templates that help define and manipulate iterators
<limits> -- for testing numeric type properties
<list> -- (STL) for defining a template class that implements a doubly linked list container
<locale> -- for defining several classes and templates that control
locale-specific behavior, as in the iostreams classes
<map>
-- (STL) for defining template classes that implement associative containers that
map keys to values
<memory>
-- (STL) for defining several templates that allocate and free storage for various
container classes
<new> -- for declaring several functions that allocate and free storage
<numeric> -- (STL) for defining several templates that implement useful numeric functions
<ostream> -- for defining the template class that performs insertions
<queue> -- (STL) for defining a template class that implements a queue container
<set> -- (STL) for defining template classes that implement associative containers
<slist> -- (STL) for defining a template class that implements a singly linked list container
<sstream> -- for defining several iostreams template classes that manipulate string containers
<stack>
-- (STL) for defining a template class that implements a stack container
<stdexcept> -- for defining several classes useful for reporting exceptions
<streambuf> -- for defining template classes that buffer iostreams operations
<string>
-- for defining a template class that implements a string container
<strstream> -- for defining several iostreams classes that manipulate in-memory character
sequences
<typeinfo> -- for defining class type_info, the result of the typeid operator
<utility>
-- (STL) for defining several templates of general utility
<valarray> -- for defining several classes and template classes that support value-oriented
arrays
<vector>
-- (STL) for defining a template class that implements a vector container
新的 C 标准库
<cassert> -- for enforcing assertions when functions execute
<cctype> -- for classifying characters
<cerrno> -- for testing error codes reported by library functions
<cfloat> -- for testing floating-point type properties
<ciso646> -- for programming in ISO 646 variant character sets
<climits> -- for testing integer type properties
<clocale> -- for adapting to different cultural conventions
<cmath> -- for computing common mathematical functions
<csetjmp> -- for executing nonlocal goto statements
<csignal> -- for controlling various exceptional conditions
<cstdarg> -- for accessing a varying number of arguments
<cstddef> -- for defining several useful types and macros
<cstdio> -- for performing input and output
<cstdlib> -- for performing a variety of operations
<cstring> -- for manipulating several kinds of strings
<ctime> -- for converting between various time and date formats
<cwchar> -- for manipulating wide streams and several kinds of strings
<cwctype> -- for classifying wide characters
旧的 C 标准库
<assert.h> -- for enforcing assertions when functions execute
<ctype.h> -- for classifying characters
<errno.h> -- for testing error codes reported by library functions
<float.h> -- for testing floating-point type properties
<iso646.h> -- for programming in ISO 646 variant character sets
<limits.h> -- for testing integer type properties
<locale.h> -- for adapting to different cultural conventions
<math.h>
-- for computing common mathematical functions
<setjmp.h> -- for executing nonlocal goto statements
<signal.h> -- for controlling various exceptional conditions
<stdarg.h> -- for accessing a varying number of arguments
<stddef.h> -- for defining several useful types and macros
<stdio.h>
-- for performing input and output
<stdlib.h> -- for performing a variety of operations
<string.h> -- for manipulating several kinds of strings
<time.h> -- for converting between various time and date formats
<wchar.h> -- for manipulating wide streams and several kinds of strings
<wctype.h> -- for classifying wide characters
Finally, in this implementation, the Standard C++ library also includes several headers for
compatibility with traditional C++ libraries:
<fstream.h> -- for defining several iostreams template classes that manipulate exteral files
<iomanip.h> -- for declaring several iostreams manipulators that take an argument
<iostream.h> -- for declaring the iostreams objects that manipulate the standard streams
<new.h> -- for declaring several functions that allocate and free storage
<stl.h> -- for declaring several template classes that aid migration from older versions
of the Standard Template Library