第一篇笔记里面,我说groovy运行的居然还满快的,其实是个误会了。我上次做八皇后还是在8080上面用basic做的,和现在奔四上面的groovy相比是没有意义的。特地又做了个对比试验:
int
q
=
9
2
int
[] i
=
new
int
[q]3
int
count
=
0
4
long
t
=
System.currentTimeMillis();5
scan(
0
)6
println(
"
totle results:
"
+
count)7
println(
"
totle time:
"
+
(System.currentTimeMillis()
-
t));8

def scan(n)
{9

if (n==q)
{10
println(i.toList())11
count++12
return13
}14
i[n]=015

while(i[n]<q)
{16
i[n] = i[n]+117
if (check(n))18
scan(n+1)19
}20
}
21

def check(n)
{22
if (n>0)23
for (j in 0..<n) 24
if (i[j]==i[n] || i[j]-i[n]==j-n || i[j]-i[n]==n-j )25
return false26
return true27
}
运行结果是:totle time:7271 (为了用groovy控制台运行的,直接用groovy命令运行还要慢一点)
java呢?
queens.java:
public
class
queens
{2
static int q=9;3
static int[] i=new int[q];4
static int count=0;5

public static void main(String[] args)
{6
long t = System.currentTimeMillis();7
scan(0);8
System.out.println("totle results:"+count);9
System.out.println("totle time:"+(System.currentTimeMillis()-t));10
}11

private static void scan(int n)
{12

if (n==q)
{13
for (int k=0;k<q;k++) System.out.print(i[k]+(k==q-1?"/n":","));14
count++;15
return;16
}17
i[n]=0;18

while(i[n]<q)
{19
i[n] = i[n]+1;20

if (check(n))
{21
scan(n+1);22
}23
}24
}25

private static boolean check(int n)
{26

for(int j=0;j<n;j++)
{27

if (i[j]==i[n] || i[j]-i[n]==j-n || i[j]-i[n]==n-j )
{28
return false;29
}30
}31
return true;32
}33
}
34
运行结果是:totle time:271
每次运行花费的时间略有不同,groovy和java的运行速度看来大致相差10~30倍左右。
能说这是脚本语言天生的缺陷吗?我们来看看同样是类似java语法的脚本语言javascript在IE里面的速度:
var q
=
9
2
var i
=
[] 3
var count
=
0
4
var d
=
new
Date(); 5
scan(
0
) 6
document.write(
"
totle results:
"
+
count
+
"
<br>
"
) 7
document.write(
"
time used:
"
+
(
new
Date()
-
d)
+
"
<br>
"
) 8

9

function scan(n)
{ 10

if (n==q)
{ 11
document.write(i+"<br>") 12
count++ 13
return 14
} 15
i[n]=0 16

while(i[n]<q)
{17
i[n] = i[n]+1 18

if (check(n))
{19
scan(n+1) 20
} 21
} 22
}
23

24

function check(n)
{ 25
for (var j=0; j<n;j++)26
if (i[j]==i[n] || i[j]-i[n]==j-n || i[j]-i[n]==n-j )27
return false 28
return true 29
}
运行结果是: time used:1241
比groovy快了5倍以上。groovy可真是够慢的。
把groovy编译的class文件反编译了一下,看到groovy生成的代码效率确实是太低了,我们就看循环最内层的check函数吧:
def check(n)
{2
if (n>0)3
for (j in 0..<n) 4
if (i[j]==i[n] || i[j]-i[n]==j-n || i[j]-i[n]==n-j )5
return false6
return true7
}
编译后变成
public
Object check(Object obj)2

{3
if(ScriptBytecodeAdapter.compareGreaterThan(obj, new Integer(0)))4

{5
Object obj1 = null;6
for(Iterator iterator = ScriptBytecodeAdapter.asIterator(ScriptBytecodeAdapter.createRange(new Integer(0), obj, false)); iterator.hasNext();)7

{8
Object obj2 = iterator.next();9
Object obj3 = null;10

if(ScriptBytecodeAdapter.asBool(ScriptBytecodeAdapter.asBool(ScriptBytecodeAdapter.compareEqual(ScriptBytecodeAdapter.invokeMethod(ScriptBytecodeAdapter.getGroovyObjectProperty(this, "i"), "getAt", ((Object) (new Object[]
{11
obj212

}))), ScriptBytecodeAdapter.invokeMethod(ScriptBytecodeAdapter.getGroovyObjectProperty(this, "i"), "getAt", ((Object) (new Object[]
{13
obj14

})))) || ScriptBytecodeAdapter.compareEqual(ScriptBytecodeAdapter.invokeMethod(ScriptBytecodeAdapter.invokeMethod(ScriptBytecodeAdapter.getGroovyObjectProperty(this, "i"), "getAt", ((Object) (new Object[]
{15
obj216

}))), "minus", ((Object) (new Object[]
{17

ScriptBytecodeAdapter.invokeMethod(ScriptBytecodeAdapter.getGroovyObjectProperty(this, "i"), "getAt", ((Object) (new Object[]
{18
obj19
})))20

}))), ScriptBytecodeAdapter.invokeMethod(obj2, "minus", ((Object) (new Object[]
{21
obj22

})))) ? ((Object) (Boolean.TRUE)) : ((Object) (Boolean.FALSE))) || ScriptBytecodeAdapter.compareEqual(ScriptBytecodeAdapter.invokeMethod(ScriptBytecodeAdapter.invokeMethod(ScriptBytecodeAdapter.getGroovyObjectProperty(this, "i"), "getAt", ((Object) (new Object[]
{23
obj224

}))), "minus", ((Object) (new Object[]
{25

ScriptBytecodeAdapter.invokeMethod(ScriptBytecodeAdapter.getGroovyObjectProperty(this, "i"), "getAt", ((Object) (new Object[]
{26
obj27
})))28

}))), ScriptBytecodeAdapter.invokeMethod(obj, "minus", ((Object) (new Object[]
{29
obj230
})))) ? ((Object) (Boolean.TRUE)) : ((Object) (Boolean.FALSE))))31
return Boolean.FALSE;32
}33

34
}35
return Boolean.TRUE;36
}
37
一切都是object,做任何事情都是invokeMethod,两个整数的比较居然要写将近400个字符的代码,光看代码量都可以吓倒我了。这是我们期待的脚本语言吗?
groovy可以嵌入到java代码里面,但是java代码可以嵌入到groovy里面吗?我觉得groovy有必要提供这样一种机制,在有必要的时候可以消除性能瓶颈。可是现在只看到groovy里面可以通过Scriptom(现在还是beta版)嵌入vbs、js脚本(包括使用WSH,FSO)或者调用InternetExplorer、Media Player、Word和Excel等windows组件。看来对消除性能瓶颈的帮助不大。
Groovy与Java、JavaScript运行速度对比
本文对Groovy、Java和JavaScript的运行速度进行对比试验。结果显示,Groovy运行速度较慢,与Java相差10 - 30倍,比JavaScript慢5倍以上。反编译发现Groovy生成代码效率低。此外,还探讨了Groovy嵌入代码机制,目前其消除性能瓶颈的作用不大。
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