archlinux安装 VMware

最新推荐文章于 2024-07-22 12:36:46 发布

endeavour_zhao

最新推荐文章于 2024-07-22 12:36:46 发布

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分类专栏： Linux 文章标签： arch linux vmware

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1 分区

创建虚拟机结束后，点击开始，启动虚拟机（本教程的虚拟机初始硬盘大小为20G）

选择Boot Arch Linux(x86_64),之后进入控制台

输入fdisk /dev/sda 开始分区（第一块硬盘是sda，第二块硬盘是sdb）
fdisk命令教程

开始分区

输入n，新建分区

输入p, 新建主分区（默认为p,可直接回车）

输入分区编号1，然后提示输入开始区域，直接回车，然后提示输入结束区域，输入+10G，创建成功后讲提示创建成功。

命令p：列出分区后的结果
命令q：退出
命令w：保存分成结果

按照先前的步骤，依次创建200M和2G的主分区，剩余的磁盘空间创建为扩展分区（在Partition type时选e）。分区创建完成后一定记住输入命令w保存。

创建逻辑分区
在创建主分区和扩展分区结束后，就需要创建逻辑分区，扩展分区是不能直接使用的，必须再分成逻辑分区才可使用。
输入fdisk /dev/sda再次进入分区界面：
输入n新建分区，这时会提示新建逻辑分区，编号为5，一直回车即可

现在看我们新建完成的分区

输入w，保存并退出。

1.1 创建文件分区

<span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26px;"> </span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26px;"><span style="font-size: 18px; color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><textarea readonly="readonly" name="code" class="c++"></span></span><code class="hljs avrasm has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">mkfs<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.ext</span>4 /dev/sda1
mkfs<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.ext</span>4 /dev/sda2
mkfs<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.ext</span>4 /dev/sda5</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li></ul><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px; line-height: 26px;"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"></textarea></span></span>

图10
创建swap分区：

<span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26px;"> </span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26px;"><span style="font-size: 18px; color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><textarea readonly="readonly" name="code" class="c++"></span></span><code class="hljs  has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">mkswap /dev/sda3</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li></ul><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px; line-height: 26px;"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"></textarea></span></span>

图11
启用swap分区：

<span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26px;"> </span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26px;"><span style="font-size: 18px; color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><textarea readonly="readonly" name="code" class="c++"></span></span><code class="hljs  has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">swapon /dev/sda3</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li></ul><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px; line-height: 26px;"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"></textarea></span></span>

图12

1.2 挂载分区

<span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26px;"> </span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26px;"><span style="font-size: 18px; color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><textarea readonly="readonly" name="code" class="c++"></span></span><code class="hljs perl has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">mount /dev/sda1 /mnt
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">mkdir</span> /mnt/boot
mount /dev/sda2 /mnt/boot
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">mkdir</span> /mnt/home
mount /dev/sda5 /mnt/home</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li></ul><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px; line-height: 26px;"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"></textarea></span></span>

图13

2 安装系统

<span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26px;"> </span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26px;"><span style="font-size: 18px; color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><textarea readonly="readonly" name="code" class="c++"></span></span><code class="hljs cs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">pacstrap -i /mnt <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">base</span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li></ul><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px; line-height: 26px;"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"></textarea></span></span>

图14
直接选择all就可以了，安装过程中如果有y/n？选择y。等待安装完成

3 生成fstab

<span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26px;"> </span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26px;"><span style="font-size: 18px; color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><textarea readonly="readonly" name="code" class="c++"></span></span><code class="hljs lasso has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">genfstab <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box;">-U</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box;">-p</span> /mnt <span class="hljs-subst" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">>></span> /mnt/etc/fstab 
cat /mnt/etc/fstab</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li></ul><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px; line-height: 26px;"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"></textarea></span></span>

图14

4 配置系统

<span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26px;"> </span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26px;"><span style="font-size: 18px; color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><textarea readonly="readonly" name="code" class="c++"></span></span><code class="hljs perl has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">arch-<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">chroot</span> /mnt</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li></ul><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px; line-height: 26px;"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"></textarea></span></span>

图15

4.1 基本配置

基本系统配置：
1）修改语言编码

<span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26px;"> </span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26px;"><span style="font-size: 18px; color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><textarea readonly="readonly" name="code" class="c++"></span></span><code class="hljs avrasm has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;"># nano /etc/locale.gen</span>
en_US<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.UTF</span>-<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">8</span> UTF-<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">8</span>
zh_CN<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.UTF</span>-<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">8</span> UTF-<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">8</span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li></ul><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px; line-height: 26px;"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"></textarea></span></span>

去掉前面的#，保存退出。

应用更改：

<span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26px;"> </span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26px;"><span style="font-size: 18px; color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><textarea readonly="readonly" name="code" class="c++"></span></span><code class="hljs vala has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;"># locale-gen</span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li></ul><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px; line-height: 26px;"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"></textarea></span></span>

图16
2) 修改语言：

<span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26px;"> </span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26px;"><span style="font-size: 18px; color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><textarea readonly="readonly" name="code" class="c++"></span></span><code class="hljs vala has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;"># echo LANG=en_US.UTF-8 > /etc/locale.conf</span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li></ul><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px; line-height: 26px;"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"></textarea></span></span>

之后修改为zh_CN
先设置为US，以防出现乱码
3）设置时区

<span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26px;"> </span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26px;"><span style="font-size: 18px; color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><textarea readonly="readonly" name="code" class="c++"></span></span><code class="hljs vala has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;"># ln -s /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime</span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li></ul><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px; line-height: 26px;"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"></textarea></span></span>

4）设置硬件时间

<span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26px;"> </span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26px;"><span style="font-size: 18px; color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><textarea readonly="readonly" name="code" class="c++"></span></span><code class="hljs brainfuck has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">#</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">hwclock</span> <span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">systohc</span> <span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">utc</span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li></ul><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px; line-height: 26px;"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"></textarea></span></span>

5）设置网络

<span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26px;"> </span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26px;"><span style="font-size: 18px; color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><textarea readonly="readonly" name="code" class="c++"></span></span><code class="hljs avrasm has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">systemctl enable dhcpcd<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.service</span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li></ul><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px; line-height: 26px;"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"></textarea></span></span>

（确保Vmvare用的是网络地址转换（NAT））
6）设置root密码

<span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26px;"> </span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26px;"><span style="font-size: 18px; color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><textarea readonly="readonly" name="code" class="c++"></span></span><code class="hljs  has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">passwd</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li></ul><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px; line-height: 26px;"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"></textarea></span></span>

4.2 安装引导

<span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26px;"> </span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26px;"><span style="font-size: 18px; color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><textarea readonly="readonly" name="code" class="c++"></span></span><code class="hljs lasso has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">pacman <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box;">-S</span> grub 
grub<span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box;">-install</span> <span class="hljs-subst" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">--</span>target<span class="hljs-subst" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">=</span>i386<span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box;">-pc</span> <span class="hljs-subst" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">--</span>recheck /dev/sda</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li></ul><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px; line-height: 26px;"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"></textarea></span></span>

图18
配置

<span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26px;"> </span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26px;"><span style="font-size: 18px; color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><textarea readonly="readonly" name="code" class="c++"></span></span><code class="hljs lasso has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">grub<span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box;">-mkconfig</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box;">-o</span> /boot/grub/grub<span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">.</span>cfg</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li></ul><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px; line-height: 26px;"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"></textarea></span></span>

图17

5 卸载mnt重启

退出chroot

<span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26px;"> </span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26px;"><span style="font-size: 18px; color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><textarea readonly="readonly" name="code" class="c++"></span></span><code class="hljs bash has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">exit</span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li></ul><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px; line-height: 26px;"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"></textarea></span></span>

卸载mnt

<span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26px;"> </span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26px;"><span style="font-size: 18px; color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><textarea readonly="readonly" name="code" class="c++"></span></span><code class="hljs  has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">umount /mnt</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li></ul><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px; line-height: 26px;"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"></textarea></span></span>

重启

<span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26px;"> </span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26px;"><span style="font-size: 18px; color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><textarea readonly="readonly" name="code" class="c++"></span></span><code class="hljs  has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">reboot</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li></ul><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px; line-height: 26px;"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"></textarea></span></span>

图19

出现此界面表示成功，启动后输入登录名（root）和密码（xxx）。

图20

6 新建账户

安装sudo ：

<span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26px;"> </span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26px;"><span style="font-size: 18px; color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><textarea readonly="readonly" name="code" class="c++"></span></span><code class="hljs bash has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">pacman -S <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">sudo</span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li></ul><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px; line-height: 26px;"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"></textarea></span></span>

添加账户：

<span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26px;"> </span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26px;"><span style="font-size: 18px; color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><textarea readonly="readonly" name="code" class="c++"></span></span><code class="hljs lasso has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">useradd <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box;">-m</span> 用户名   <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//创建用户</span>
passwad 用户名   <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//设置密码</span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li></ul><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px; line-height: 26px;"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"></textarea></span></span>

为用户添加权限：

<span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26px;"> </span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26px;"><span style="font-size: 18px; color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><textarea readonly="readonly" name="code" class="c++"></span></span><code class="hljs  has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">visudo</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li></ul><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px; line-height: 26px;"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"></textarea></span></span>

添加：
User_Alias ADMINS=用户名
Cmnd_Alias ADMINCOM=ALL
ADMINS ALL=(ALL)ADMINCOM

7 安装桌面环境

7.1 xorg

<span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26px;"> </span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26px;"><span style="font-size: 18px; color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><textarea readonly="readonly" name="code" class="c++"></span></span><code class="hljs lasso has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">pacman <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box;">-S</span> xorg<span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box;">-server</span> xorg<span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box;">-server</span><span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box;">-utils</span> xorg<span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box;">-xinit</span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li></ul><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px; line-height: 26px;"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"></textarea></span></span>

7.2 显卡驱动

<span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26px;"> </span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26px;"><span style="font-size: 18px; color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><textarea readonly="readonly" name="code" class="c++"></span></span><code class="hljs lasso has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">pacman <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box;">-S</span> xf86<span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box;">-video</span><span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box;">-vesa</span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li></ul><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px; line-height: 26px;"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"></textarea></span></span>

7.3 字体

<span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26px;"> </span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26px;"><span style="font-size: 18px; color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><textarea readonly="readonly" name="code" class="c++"></span></span><code class="hljs ruleslanguage has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-array" style="box-sizing: border-box;"># pacman </span>-S ttf-dejavu <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// 英文字体</span>
<span class="hljs-array" style="box-sizing: border-box;"># pacman </span>-S wqy-zenhei <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// 中文字体</span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li></ul><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px; line-height: 26px;"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"></textarea></span></span>

7.4 触摸板驱动

<span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26px;"> </span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26px;"><span style="font-size: 18px; color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><textarea readonly="readonly" name="code" class="c++"></span></span><code class="hljs lasso has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">pacman <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box;">-S</span> xf86<span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box;">-input</span><span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box;">-synaptics</span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li></ul><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px; line-height: 26px;"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"></textarea></span></span>

7.5 安装xfce4

<span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26px;"> </span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26px;"><span style="font-size: 18px; color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><textarea readonly="readonly" name="code" class="c++"></span></span><code class="hljs avrasm has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">pacman –S xfce4
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">cp</span> /etc/skel/<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.xinitrc</span> ~  //如果没有则在~目录下创建
vi ~/<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.xinitrc</span>   //编辑xinitrc,写入exec startxfce4
chmod +<span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">x</span> ~/<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.xinitrc</span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li></ul><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px; line-height: 26px;"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"></textarea></span></span>

root和自己的用户下面都要设置

7.6 安装Slim登录器

<span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26px;"> </span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26px;"><span style="font-size: 18px; color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><textarea readonly="readonly" name="code" class="c++"></span></span><code class="hljs lasso has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">pacman <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box;">-S</span> slim
vi /etc/slim<span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">.</span>conf <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//编辑slim配置文件，讲session设为startxfce4 </span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li></ul><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px; line-height: 26px;"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"></textarea></span></span>

重启，就会看见登录界面，可以用root账户或者自己创建的账户登录。下面的都可以在图形界面下继续安装。

注意事项：挂载分区时 mount /dev/sda1 /mnt 中/mnt前有空格

4.1 配置语言中，ctrl+x保存

linux下在编辑状态下退出请按Ctrl+X，会有两种情形：
如果文件未修改，直接退出；
如果修改了文件，下面会询问是否需要保存修改。输入Y确认保存，输入N不保存，按Ctrl+C取消返回。如果输入了Y，下一步会提示输入想要保存的文件名。如果不需要修改文件名直接回车就行；若想要保存成别的名字（也就是另存为）则输入新名称然后确定，这个时候也可用Ctrl+C来取消返回。

文章出处：http://blog.csdn.net/u012161563/article/details/50370124#t7

7.7 其他

<span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26px;"> </span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26px;"><span style="font-size: 18px; color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><textarea readonly="readonly" name="code" class="c++"></span></span><code class="hljs lasso has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">pacman <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box;">-S</span> dbus openbox lxterminal 
pacman <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box;">-S</span> bash<span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box;">-completion</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//安装bash补全</span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li></ul><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px; line-height: 26px;"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"></textarea></span></span>

7.8输入法

<span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26px;"> </span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26px;"><span style="font-size: 18px; color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><textarea readonly="readonly" name="code" class="c++"></span></span><p><code class="hljs lasso has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">pacman <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box;">-S</span> fcitx<span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box;">-im</span> fcitx<span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box;">-configtool</span> fcitx<span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box;">-qt</span> fcitx<span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box;">-googlepinyin</span></code></p><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px; line-height: 26px;"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"></textarea></span></span>