【任务3】在下面一段类的定义中,自行车类的虚基类为车辆类,机动车类的虚基类也为车辆类,摩托车类的基类为自行车类和机动车类,类之间均为公有继承。
(1)根据上面各类间关系的描述,补全下面程序段中空缺的代码
(2)实现程序中声明的成员函数,注意相应操作中的动作发生的条件不能满足时应给出提示。
(3)运行程序,享受开摩托的过程。(BB平台上提供了一个可执行文件,可以先运行再编程。不必申请驾照,这个摩托车很安全。)
(4)在报告中回答问题:本题中使用虚基类的好处是什么?
#include <iostream>
#include<conio.h>
#include <windows.h>
using namespace std;
enum vehicleStaus {rest, running}; //车辆状态:泊车、行进
class vehicle //车辆类
{
protected:
int maxSpeed; //最大车速
int currentSpeed; //当前速度
int weight; //车重
vehicleStaus status; //rest-泊车状态;running-行进状态
public:
vehicle(int maxS, int w); //构造函数,初始时,当前速度总为0且处在停车状态
void start(); //由rest状态到running, 初速为1
void stop(); //由running状态到rest, 当前速度小于5时,才允许停车
void speed_up(); //加速,调用1次,速度加1
void slow_down(); //减速,调用1次,速度减1,速度为0时,停车
};
class bicycle :_____(1)_________//(1)自行车类的虚基类为车辆类
{
protected:
double height; //车高
public:
bicycle(int maxS=10, int w=50, int h=0.7); //定义构造函数
};
class motorcar : ______(2)__________//(2)机动车类的虚基类也为车辆类
{
protected:
int seatNum; //座位数
int passengerNum; //乘客人数
public:
motorcar(int maxS=150, int w=1500, int s=5, int p=1); //定义构造函数
void addPassenger(int p=1); //搭载乘客,超员要拒载,有人下车时,p为负数。当然车上乘客至少有1个(司机)。上下车时要保证安全……
};
class motorcycle: ______(3)_________ //(3)摩托车类的基类为自行车类和机动车类{
public:
motorcycle(int maxS=90, int w=100, int s=3, int p=1, int h=0.7); //定义构造函数
void show(); //显示摩托车的运行状态
};
int main( )
{
motorcycle m;
bool end=false;
while (!end){
cout<<"请操作:1-启动 2-加速 3-减速 4-有人上车 5-有人下车 6-停车 0-结束"<<endl;
char keydown= _getch(); //_getch()返回键盘上读取的字符,应包含头文件<conio.h>
switch(keydown)
{
case '1':
cout<<"操作(启动)\t"; m.start(); break;
case '2':
cout<<"操作(加速)\t"; m.speed_up(); break;
case '3':
cout<<"操作(减速)\t"; m.slow_down(); break;
case '4':
cout<<"操作(有人上车)\t"; m.addPassenger(); break;
case '5':
cout<<"操作(有人下车)\t"; m.addPassenger(-1); break;
case '6':
cout<<"操作(停车)\t"; m.stop(); break;
case '0':
end=true; break;
}
m.show();
cout<<endl;
Sleep(200); //要包含头文件<windows.h>
}
system("pause");
return 0;
}
解答:
#include <iostream>
#include<conio.h>
#include <windows.h>
using namespace std;
enum vehicleStaus {rest, running}; //车辆状态:泊车、行进
class vehicle //车辆类
{
protected:
int maxSpeed; //最大车速
int currentSpeed; //当前速度
int weight; //车重
vehicleStaus status; //rest-泊车状态;running-行进状态
public:
vehicle(int maxS, int w); //构造函数,初始时,当前速度总为0且处在停车状态
void start(); //由rest状态到runnin g, 初速为1
void stop(); //由running状态到rest, 当前速度小于5时,才允许停车
void speed_up(); //加速,调用1次,速度加1
void slow_down(); //减速,调用1次,速度减1,速度为0时,停车
};
class bicycle : virtual public vehicle //(1)自行车类的虚基类为车辆类
{
protected:
double height; //车高
public:
bicycle(int maxS=10, int w=50, int h=0.7); //定义构造函数
};
class motorcar : virtual public vehicle //(2)机动车类的虚基类也为车辆类
{
protected:
int seatNum; //座位数
int passengerNum; //乘客人数
public:
motorcar(int maxS=150, int w=1500, int s=5, int p=1); //定义构造函数
void addPassenger(int p=1); //搭载乘客,超员要拒载,有人下车时,p为负数。当然车上乘客至少有1个(司机)。上下车时要保证安全……
};
class motorcycle: public bicycle, public motorcar //(3)摩托车类的基类为自行车类和机动车类
{
public:
motorcycle(int maxS=90, int w=100, int s=3, int p=1, int h=0.7); //定义构造函数
void show(); //显示摩托车的运行状态
};
//vehicle
vehicle::vehicle(int maxS, int w)
{
maxSpeed = maxS;
weight = w;
currentSpeed = 0;
status = rest;
}
void vehicle::start() //由rest状态到running, 初速为1
{
if ( currentSpeed == 1 )
cout << "车辆已经行驶" << endl;
currentSpeed = 1;
status = running;
}
void vehicle::stop() //由running状态到rest, 当前速度小于5时,才允许停车
{
if( currentSpeed < 5 )
{
currentSpeed = 0;
status = rest;
}
else
{
cout << "车速太快,先减速后停车......" << endl;
}
}
void vehicle::speed_up() //加速,调用1次,速度加1
{
if ( currentSpeed == 0 )
{
cout << "车辆未启动" << endl;
}
else
{
if ( currentSpeed < maxSpeed )
{
currentSpeed++;
}
else
{
cout << "请不要超速行驶......" << endl;
}
}
}
void vehicle::slow_down() //减速,调用1次,速度减1,速度为0时,停车
{
if ( currentSpeed == 1 )
{
currentSpeed = 0;
status = rest;
}
else if ( currentSpeed == 0 )
{
cout << " 车辆未启动 " << endl;
}
else
{
currentSpeed--;
}
}
//bicycle
bicycle::bicycle(int maxS, int w, int h ) : vehicle ( maxS, w )
{
height = h;
}
//motorcar
motorcar::motorcar(int maxS, int w, int s, int p) : vehicle ( maxS, w )
{
seatNum = s;
passengerNum = p;
}
void motorcar::addPassenger(int p) //搭载乘客,超员要拒载,有人下车时,p为负数。当然车上乘客至少有1个(司机)。上下车时要保证安全……
{
if ( currentSpeed > 0 )
{
cout << "车辆正在行驶,停车后再上下车!" << endl;
}
else
{
if ( passengerNum + p > seatNum )
{
cout << "涉嫌超员,已清理后达到满员!" << endl;
}
else if( passengerNum + p <= 0 )
{
cout << "请司机不要离开岗位!" << endl;
}
else
{
passengerNum += p;
}
}
}
//motorcycle
motorcycle::motorcycle(int maxS, int w, int s, int p, int h)
: vehicle ( maxS, w ), bicycle( maxS, w, h ), motorcar ( maxS, w, s, p ) {}
void motorcycle::show() //显示摩托车的运行状态
{
cout << "状态:" ;
if(status)
cout << "行进";
else
cout << "泊车";
cout << " " << "车速:" << currentSpeed << "/" << maxSpeed << " " << "当前乘员:" << passengerNum << "/" << seatNum << endl;
}
int main( )
{
motorcycle m;
bool end=false;
while (!end){
cout<<"请操作:1-启动 2-加速 3-减速 4-有人上车 5-有人下车 6-停车 0-结束"<<endl;
char keydown= _getch(); //_getch()返回键盘上读取的字符,应包含头文件<conio.h>
switch(keydown)
{
case '1':
cout<<"操作(启动)\t"; m.start(); break;
case '2':
cout<<"操作(加速)\t"; m.speed_up(); break;
case '3':
cout<<"操作(减速)\t"; m.slow_down(); break;
case '4':
cout<<"操作(有人上车)\t"; m.addPassenger(); break;
case '5':
cout<<"操作(有人下车)\t"; m.addPassenger(-1); break;
case '6':
cout<<"操作(停车)\t"; m.stop(); break;
case '0':
end=true; break;
}
m.show();
cout<<endl;
Sleep(200); //要包含头文件<windows.h>
}
system("pause");
return 0;
}
上级感言:可以更简单的避免二义性,同一种类的财产不要第二个,很帅气。